Başkent Üniversitesi Yayınları
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/11727/13092
Browse
11 results
Search Results
Item Classification of Ureteral Stenosis and Associated Strategy for Treatment After Kidney Transplant(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2013-04) He, Bulang; Han, Ying; Bremner, AlexandraObjectives: Ureteral stenosis is a common complication after a kidney transplant. Treatment for ureteral stenosis ranges from interventional procedures to open surgery. The aim of this study is to present classification for ureteral stenosis and recommend the targeted strategy for effective treatment. Materials and Methods: Twelve cases of ureteral stenosis were diagnosed among 193 kidney transplants, of which 91 were from a live donor and 102 from a deceased donor. The mean age was 46.22 ± 13.23 years. The diagnosis of ureteral stenosis includes serum creatinine elevation, hydronephrosis, and presence of stricture on a pyelogram. The criterion for classification is based on the severity of stricture. Results: One of ureteral stenoses was classified as grade 1, six were grade 2, and five were grade 3. Of 12 cases, 10 were live-donor kidney transplant, 4 had lymphocele, and 2 had a hematoma after transplant. The corresponding strategy for each grade of ureteral stenosis is as follows: grade 1, ureteral stent reinsertion; grade 2, cutting balloon dilatation or endoscopic incision of stenosis; grade 3, open surgery urinary tract reconstruction. All cases were successfully treated using these strategies. Conclusions: This classification of ureteral stenosis provides guidance for effective management and avoids unnecessary procedures. In this series, ureteral stenosis was significantly associated with a live donor and surgical complications.Item Ureteric Stenting in Kidney Transplants(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2013-04) Damji, Samir; Hakim, Nadey; Hakim, David; Atinga, AngelaThe routine use of ureteric stents after a kidney transplant for prophylactic measures is debatable. Concerns have been raised regarding the potential complications and costs of routine stenting. Here, we review the literature based on studies in favor of and against the routine placement of ureteric stents in kidney transplant patients. Some studies have shown a benefit to patients who have routine stents placed, while others have not shown this benefit but have highlighted the associated financial implications. The decision to stent renal transplant patients will depend on robust multicenter, randomized controlled trials being carried out, as well as both short-term and long-term cost analyses.Item Isolated Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia in a Renal Transplant Recipient(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2012-10) Aktas, Nimet; Aytac, Berna; Kilic, Nurten; Yazici, Bulent; Ersoy, AlparslanOcular surface squamous neoplasia is a rare complication after a kidney transplant, related with increased risk and poor prognosis. Generally, ocular surface squamous neoplasia in kidney transplant patients is associated with skin lesions. We report a case of ocular surface squamous neoplasia without skin lesions in a kidney transplant recipient. Systematic periodic ophthalmic evaluation of recipients may help ensure the early diagnosis of subtle ocular surface squamous neoplasia.Item Everolimus-induced Lymphedema in a Renal Transplant Recipient: A Case Report(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2012-06) Ersoy, Alparslan; Koca, NizameddinThe mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors is commonly preferred for solid organs for transplantation. Although these drugs have various adverse effects, sirolimus-related lymphedema has been rarely reported. We report a case of lymphedema related to everolimus after a kidney transplant. A 60-year-old woman successfully received a deceased-donor kidney. Everolimus was added to the treatment in postoperative month 3 owing to other immunosuppressive drugs’ adverse effects. Edema occurred first on her feet in the first year after the transplant. During 3 months’ follow-up, with no immunosuppressive adjustment, the edema progressed. Diagnosis of lymphedema was established. Several weeks after discontinuing everolimus, the patient’s lymphedema began to resolve itself and completely disappeared in 3 months. The mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors rarely causes lymphedema by inhibiting different subtypes of vascular endothelial growth factors, which results in impaired lymphangiogenesis. While there are few reports about sirolimus-related lymphedema, this case represents the first everolimus-related case of lymphedema. Further studies are warranted to explain the underlying mechanisms.Item Prevention and Management of Graft Thrombosis in Pancreatic Transplant(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2012-06) Patel, Shaneel R.; Hakim, NadeyPancreatic transplant effectively cures type 1 diabetes mellitus and maintains consistent long-term euglycemia. However, technical failure, and in particular graft thrombosis, accounts for the vast majority of transplants lost in the early postoperative period. The pancreas’ inherently low microvascular flow state makes it vulnerable to vascular complications, as does the hypercoagulable blood of diabetic patients. Ultimately, the phenomenon is most definitely multifactorial. Prevention, as opposed to treatment, is key and should focus on reducing these multiple risk factors. This will involve tactical donor selection, optimal surgical technique and some form of anticoagulation. Close monitoring and early intervention will be crucial when treating thrombosis once preventative methods have failed. This may be achieved by further anticoagulation, graft salvage, or pancreatectomy with retransplant. This article will explore the multiple factors contributing to graft thrombus formation and the ways in which they may be addressed to firstly prevent, or more likely, reduce thrombosis. Secondly, we will consider the management strategies which can be implemented once thrombosis has occurred.Item Hepatic Artery Thrombosis After Orthotopic Liver Transplant: A Review of the Same Institute 5 Years Later(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2011-06) Wu, Linwei; Hu, Anbin; Wang, Guodong; Ma, Yi; Zhu, Xiaofeng; Wang, Dongping; Ju, Weiqiang; He, Xiaoshun; Tai, Qiang; Guo, Zhiyong; Zhang, JianweiObjectives: Summarize the experience of managing patients with hepatic artery thrombosis after orthotopic liver transplant in a single center. Materials and Methods: A total of 726 adult patients who received a liver transplant at the Department of Organ Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, between January 2004 and December 2009, were selected. Fourteen patients had hepatic artery thrombosis after the operation, and the clinical data of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The incidence rate of hepatic artery thrombosis was 1.9% (14/726), and the mean time of onset was 10 days (range, 1 - 41 d) after surgery. Six patients had acute deterioration of liver function, 4 had bile leakage, 1 had hepatic abscess, and 3 had no symptoms. Three patients received urgent rearterialization, 2 received intra-arterial thrombolysis, 3 received combined urgent rearterialization and intra-arterial thrombolysis, and 6 patients received a retransplant. The mortality rate associated with hepatic artery thrombosis was 42.9% (6/14); 2 from biliary necrosis and secondary hepatic failure after urgent rearterialization; 1 from recurrent hepatic artery thrombosis and multiple organ failure after intra-arterial thrombolysis; 1 from renal failure and severe infection after combined urgent rearterialization and intra-arterial thrombolysis, and 2 from severe infection after retransplant. The other patients recovered and were followed for 18 to 66 months. Their liver grafts all functioned well with a patent artery. Two died from tumor recurrence at 18 and 29 months after transplant. Conclusions: Hepatic artery thrombosis is a severe complication after liver transplant, which leads to graft loss and recipient death. Rearterialization as early as possible before irreversible biliary and liver parenchyma damage can avoid retransplant.Item Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome After Living-donor Liver Transplantation(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2011-04) Umeda, Yuzo; Fujiwara, Toshiyoshi; Yagi, Takahito; Utsumi, Masashi; Sato, Daisuke; Yoshida, Ryuichi; Shinoura, Susumu; Sadamori, Hiroshi; Matsuda, HiroakiObjectives: Leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a neurologic complication after organ transplantation caused predominantly by the neurotoxic effects of immunosuppressive agents on cerebral white matter. We determined the incidence and features of leukoencephalopathy syndrome in recipients after living-donor liver transplantations. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively investigated 205 patients who had a living-donor liver transplantation performed at our institution between August 1998 and October 2008. Results: Leukoencephalopathy syndrome developed in 7 of 205 patients (3.9%) and in 4.7% of the 150 patients treated with tacrolimus-based immunosuppression after their living-donor liver transplantation. The underlying diseases were alcoholic cirrhosis in 3 cases, viral cirrhosis in 2, biliary atresia in 1, and Wilson disease in 1. Time to clinical onset after tacrolimus medication was 15.6 days (range, 6-30 days). The neurologic symptoms included headache, confusion, myoclonus, seizures, and visual disturbances. The mean serum trough level of tacrolimus at clinical onset was not very high (11.7 ng/mL [range, 6.0-14.2 ng/mL]). T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in all cases showed diffuse high signal in the white matter of the frontal, parieto-occipital, and temporal lobes. Treatment with antihypertensives, anticonvulsants, and withdrawal of tacrolimus resulted in amelioration of symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities. Six patients showed complete recovery, while the seventh had residual rigidity and cognitive impairment caused by hypoxia during a convulsion. Conclusions: Tacrolimus neurotoxicity can occur despite low trough levels; it depends on variations in pharmacokinetics, such as absorption and maximum concentration level. Early diagnosis and treatment of leukoencephalopathy syndrome should contribute to complete remission.Item Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Appendicitis After Orthotopic Liver Transplant in Adults(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2011-04) Wu, Linwei; Zhu, Xiaofeng; Wang, Dongping; Ju, Weiqiang; He, Xiaoshun; Tai, Qiang; Guo, Zhiyong; Zhang, JianweiObjectives: The incidence of acute appendicitis after orthotopic liver transplant is low but difficult to differentiate from other posttransplant complications. We sought to summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of acute appendicitis during the early posttransplant stage. Materials and Methods: Data from 4 liver transplant recipients with acute appendicitis immediately after transplant and 4 patients with misdiagnosed appendicitis, between January 2000 and December 2007, were studied retrospectively. Results: The incidence of acute appendicitis immediately after orthotopic liver transplant was 0.49%. Four patients had right lower quadrant abdominal pain with fixed tenderness, rebound tenderness, and fever on the eighth, ninth, 11th, and 13th days after surgery. White blood cells counts were elevated in all patients. Appendectomies were performed on day 1 or 2 after the onset of symptoms. No appendicular perforations were found. All patients recovered well. After an exploratory laparotomy, the 4 patients originally misdiagnosed with appendicitis were correctly diagnosed with a duodenal diverticulum perforation (1 patient), a jejunum perforation (1 patient), and bile leakage (2 patients). Two of these patients died despite aggressive treatment. Conclusions: The incidence of acute appendicitis immediately after orthotopic liver transplant is low and should be differentiated from other surgical complications, such as gastrointestinal perforation and bile leakage. Appendectomy is recommended in these patients as early as possible.Item Analysis of Right Lobe Living-Liver Donor Complications: A Single Center Experience(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2011-02) Yaprak, Onur; Tokat, Yaman; Yuzer, Yildiray; Tabendeh, Babek; Demirbas, B. Tolga; Dayangac, MuratObjectives: Living-donor liver transplant provides an alternative source of organ to patients with end-stage liver disease. This study sought to determine and classify the donor morbidities after right lobe donor hepatectomy in a single center. Materials and Methods: One-hundred eighty-one right lobe living-donor hepatectomy were performed in our center between January 2004 and December 2009. Of the 181 donors, 104 donors were men and 77 donors were women. Mean age of the donors was 38 years (range, 18-63 years). The mean follow-up was 33.3 months (range, 3-66 months). Complications after the operation were stratified according to the Clavien classification. Results: Eighty-one complications occurred in 73 of the 181 donors (40.3%). The most common complication was wound infection, which was seen in 14 of 181 donors (7.7%). Biliary complications were seen in 4.4% of donors. There was no postoperative mortality. Also, grade 4 complications, which are life-threatening, did not occur. Blood transfusion were not required during the operation. The incidence of reoperation was 1.6% in all donors. Conclusions: Living-donor liver transplant ensures a new graft to patients with end-stage liver disease. Donor morbidity is one of the realities of the donor hepatectomy procedure. Because the donors are healthy individuals, the aim of the process must be to eliminate the donor mortality while decreasing the complication rates.Item Procalcitonin and C-reactive Protein Serum Levels After Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplant(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2009-06) Azarpira, Negar; Daraie, Masumeh; Aghdaie, Mahdokht; Ramzi, ManiObjectives: Hematopoietic stem-cell transplant is a curative therapy for several malignant and nonmalignant disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and procalcitonin with complications such as acute graft-versus-host disease, veno-occlusive disease, and infection after hematopoietic stem-cell transplant. Materials and Methods: Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels were sequentially measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a semiquantitative immunochromatographic assay in 35 patients who had undergone hematopoietic stem-cell transplant. Results: The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein serum level was increased in patients with acute graft-versus-host disease and in those with sepsis. Increased procalcitonin levels were associated only with bacterial infection. Only procalcitonin levels differentiated patients with infection from those with another transplant-related complication. Veno-occlusive disease did not alter C-reactive protein or procalcitonin levels. Conclusions: Our results support theories that serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and procalcitonin are biomarkers for transplant-related complications such as graft-versus-host disease or infection and that the procalcitonin level can differentiate patients with infection from those with graft-versus-host disease.