Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi / Faculty of Health Sciences

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A scientometric analysis of fairness in health AI literature
(Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, 2024-02-19) Alberto, Isabelle Rose I.; Alberto, Nicole Rose I.; Altinel, Yuksel; Blacker, Sarah; Binotti, William Warr; Celi, Leo Anthony; Chua, Tiffany; Fiske, Amelia; Griffin, Molly; Karaca, Gulce; Mokolo, Nkiruka; Naawu, David Kojo N.; Patscheider, Jonathan; Petushkov, Anton; Quion, Justin Michael; Senteio, Charles; Taisbak, Simon; Tirnova, Ismail; Tokashiki, Harumi; Velasquez, Adrian; Yaghy, Antonio; Yap, Keagan
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are central components of today's medical environment. The fairness of AI, i.e. the ability of AI to be free from bias, has repeatedly come into question. This study investigates the diversity of members of academia whose scholarship poses questions about the fairness of AI. The articles that combine the topics fairness, artificial intelligence, and medicine were selected from Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Embase using keywords. Eligibility and data extraction from the articles were done manually and cross-checked by another author for accuracy. Articles were selected for further analysis, cleaned, and organized in Microsoft Excel; spatial diagrams were generated using Public Tableau. Additional graphs were generated using Matplotlib and Seaborn. Linear and logistic regressions were conducted using Python to measure the relationship between funding status, number of citations, and the gender demographics of the authorship team. We identified 375 eligible publications, including research and review articles concerning AI and fairness in healthcare. Analysis of the bibliographic data revealed that there is an overrepresentation of authors that are white, male, and are from high-income countries, especially in the roles of first and last author. Additionally, analysis showed that papers whose authors are based in higher-income countries were more likely to be cited more often and published in higher impact journals. These findings highlight the lack of diversity among the authors in the AI fairness community whose work gains the largest readership, potentially compromising the very impartiality that the AI fairness community is working towards.
Anatomy Education at Vocational Schools of Health Sciences
(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, 2024-12) Polat, Sema; Sonmez, Elif Ipek; Tunc, Mahmut; Isik, Emir Ibrahim; Ozsahin, Esin; Goker, Pinar
Anatomy, which has an important role for professionals working in health education, is a medical science that started from early ages and has come to the present day by showing continuous development. The success of people who areed ineducat the field of medicine and health sciences in their professions depends on a sound background in anatomy. For this reason,s aimed it wa to investigate views of first and second year students on the current state of anatomy education. This study was performed ukurvaon C and Baskent University Vocational School of Health Science first and second year students (183 subjects, 45.6 %; and 218 subjects, 54.4 %, respectively) (n=401). The data were obtained by feedback method via a questionnaire with 41 questions. The survey was administered to 401 students. 357 subjects of all students stated that they chose their departments voluntarily. It was determined % thatof the86.0 students participated in the research stated that using many different tools in the lessons positively affected their 88.5 learning,% stated that various presentation techniques provided a better understanding of the anatomy subject, and 86.5 % of the studentswith agreed the idea that what they learned in the lessons would be very useful in their professional lives. Additionally, while 319 participants (79.55 %) gave a score of 5 or more out of 10 points to the question about whether they liked the anatomy course, 82 participants%) (20.45 gave a score of 4 or less. The 71.1 % of the participants thought that the primary purpose of the anatomy course was 'to theunderstand structure of the human body'. 2nd year students rated class duration significantly higher than 1st year students. Opinionstudents of s can be beneficial and provide to improvement of anatomy education and new educational strategies These findings will help theifyingident existing deficiencies and providing solutions.
Antibiotic Management Programme In A Tertiary Intensive Care Unit: Effects Of A Carbapenem-Restricted Period On Clinical And Laboratory Parameters And Costs Of Infections
(Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, 2024-06-13) Asilturk, D; Guner, R.; Kalem, A. Kaya; Turan, I. Ozkocak; Hasanoglu, I.; Eser, F.; Malhan, S.; Kayaaslan, B.
Background: Carbapenems are antibiotics used for serious infections. The consumption of carbapenems has increased worldwide due to increasing microbial resistance. Aim: To investigate the effects of a carbapenem-restricted antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP) on changes in the resistance profiles of infectious agents, the amount of antibiotics used, length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), mortality, and costs. Methods: Patients hospitalized in ICU between July 1st, 2020 and May 1st, 2021 were divided into two periods: the carbapenem-non-restricted period (CNRP); and the carbapenem-restricted period (CRP) in which alternative antibiotics to carbapenems were preferred during infection. The defined daily dose (DDD) per 100 patient-day methodology was used to calculate the antibiotic consumption. Findings: Of the 572 patients included in the study, 62.2% were male, and mean age was 70.5 years. In the blood culture the most frequently Gram-negative agent was Acinetobacter baumannii (25%). A. baumannii bloodstream infections with multidrug-resistant and extensively drug resistant micro-organisms were significantly different between the two periods (CNRP: 95.6% (N = 22), CRP: 66.6% (N = 8); P = 0.04). There was a gradual decrease in the incidence density and rate of nosocomial infection (P = 0.06), and a significant decrease in meropenem consumption between the two periods (CNRP vs CRP: 21.19 vs 6.37 DDD per 100 patient-days respectively; P = 0.007). ASP yielded US$8,600 of antibiotic cost savings and a total of 14% patient cost savings (P < 0.05) per patient. Conclusion: Combining an effective ASP with a comprehensive infection control programme may mitigate the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. (c) 2024 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Balance and Gait in Individuals with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
(NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH, 2024) Korkusuz, Suleyman; Seckinogullari, Busra; Yuruk, Zeliha Ozlem; Ulug, Naime; Kibar, Sibel
"Being in the Digital Box". Academic Staff Experiences in Online Practical Teaching: A Qualitative Study From Six Universities and Countries
(HELIYON, 2024-03-04) Baskici, Cigdem; Aytar, Aydan; Ersoy, Halil; Wiktsrom-Grotell, Camilla; Arell-Sundberg, Marina; Neves, Hugo; Coutinho, Veronica; Blazeviciene, Aurelija; Vaskelyte, Alina; Soderlund, Anne; Fritz, Johanna; Strods, Raimonds; Jansone-Ratinika, Nora; Kav, Sultan
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused radical changes in education, as in everything else, bringing many challenges. Despite all the difficulties, the COVID-19 pandemic has enormous opportunities for online teaching and the use of digital technologies. A comprehensive understanding of this period is needed to investigate these opportunities. Thus, this study aims to explore the academic staff's experiences of online teaching and the use of digital technologies in practical skills -based courses in health care education. This study was conducted at six universities from six countries (Turkiye, Sweden, Finland, Portugal, Latvia, Lithuania). Data were collected between June 17, 2021 and November 30, 2021 via a focus group with an in-depth interview technique. 22 focus group interviews were conducted with a total of 117 participants. Colaizzi's method was used to evaluate the data to discover, comprehend, and define the experiences of academic staff. The analysis of the interview data resulted in 6 themes, 25 subthemes and 56 categories that captured participants' experiences regarding online teaching of practical skills and using digital technologies in health care education. The findings of the study provide crucial information that will help online teaching and digital technology for practical skills be successfully integrated.
Bintrafusp Alfa With CCRT Followed by Bintrafusp Alfa Versus Placebo With CCRT Followed by Durvalumab in Patients With Unresectable Stage III NSCLC: A Phase 2 Randomized Study
(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2024-03-06) Vokes, Everett E.; Mornex, Francoise; Sezer, Ahmet; Cheng, Ying; Fang, Jian; Baz, David Vicente; Cil, Timucin; Adjei, Alex A.; Ahn, Myung-Ju; Barlesi, Fabrice; Felip, Enriqueta; Garon, Edward B.; Audhuy, Francois; Ito, Rena; Sato, Masashi; Eggleton, S. Peter; Martin, Claudio Marcelo; Reck, Martin; Robinson, Clifford G; Paz-Ares, Luis
Introduction: Preclinical evaluation of bintrafusp alfa (BA) combined with radiotherapy revealed greater antitumor effects than BA or radiotherapy alone. In a phase 1 study, BA exhibited encouraging clinical activity in patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC who had received previous treatment. Methods: This multicenter, double-blind, controlled phase 2 study (NCT03840902) evaluated the safety and efficacy of BA with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) followed by BA (BA group) versus placebo with cCRT followed by durvalumab (durvalumab group) in patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC. The primary end point was progression -free survival according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 as assessed by the investigator. On the basis of the recommendation of an independent data monitoring committee, the study was discontinued before the maturity of overall survival data (secondary end point). Results: A total of 153 patients were randomized to either BA (n = 75) or durvalumab groups (n = 78). The median progression -free survival was 12.8 months versus 14.6 months (stratified hazard ratio = 1.48 [95% confidence interval: 0.69-3.17]), in the BA and durvalumab groups, respectively. Trends for overall response rate (29.3% versus 32.1%) and disease control rate (66.7% versus 70.5%) were similar between the two groups. Any -grade treatment -emergent adverse events occurred in 94.6% versus 96.1% of patients in the BA versus durvalumab groups, respectively. Bleeding events in the BA group were mostly grade 1 (21.6%) or 2 (9.5%). Conclusions: BA with cCRT followed by BA exhibited no efficacy benefit over placebo with cCRT followed by durvalumab in patients with stage III unresectable NSCLC. (c) 2023 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC -ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Biomonitoring of Oxidative-Stress-Related Genotoxic Damage in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
(TOXICS, 2024-02-09) Yuzbasioglu, Yucel; Hazar, Merve; Dilsiz, Sevtap Aydin; Yucel, Cigdem; Bulut, Mesudiye; Cetinkaya, Serdar; Erdem, Onur
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a common progressive renal failure characterized by the permanent loss of functional nephrons can rapidly progress to end-stage renal disease, which is known to be an irreversible renal failure. In the therapy of ESRD, there are controversial suggestions about the use of regular dialysis, since it is claimed to increase oxidative stress, which may increase mortality in patients. In ESRD, oxidative-stress-related DNA damage is expected to occur, along with increased inflammation. Many factors, including heavy metals, have been suggested to exacerbate the damage in kidneys; therefore, it is important to reveal the relationship between these factors in ESRD patients. There are very few studies showing the role of oxidative-stress-related genotoxic events in the progression of ESRD patients. Within the scope of this study, genotoxic damage was evaluated using the comet assay and 8-OHdG measurement in patients with ESRD who were undergoing hemodialysis. The biochemical changes, the levels of heavy metals (aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury) in the blood, and the oxidative biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated, and their relationship with genotoxic damages was revealed. Genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and heavy-metal levels, except mercury, increased significantly in all renal patients. DNA damage, 8OHdG, and MDA significantly increased, and GSH significantly decreased in patients undergoing dialysis, compared with those not having dialysis. The duration and the severity of disease was positively correlated with increased aluminum levels and moderate positively correlated with increased DNA damage and cadmium levels. In conclusion, this study revealed that the oxidative-stress-related DNA damage, and also the levels of Al and Cd, increased in ESRD patients. It is assumed that these changes may play an important role in the progression of renal damage. Approaches for reducing oxidative-stress-related DNA damage and heavy-metal load in ESRD patients are recommended.
Cardiovascular Multimodality Imaging In Women: A Scientific Statement Of The European Association Of Cardiovascular Imaging Of The European Society Of Cardiology
(Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, 2024-03-27) Almeida, Ana G.; Grapsa, Julia; Gimelli, Alessia; Bucciarelli-Ducci, Chiara; Gerber, Bernhard; Ajmone-Marsan, Nina; Bernard, Anne; Donal, Erwan; Dweck, Marc R.; Haugaa, Kristina H.; Hristova, Krassimira; Maceira, Alicia; Mandoli, Giulia Elena; Mulvagh, Sharon; Morrone, Doralisa; Plonska-Gosciniak, Edyta; Sade, Leyla Elif; Shivalkar, Bharati; Schulz-Menger, Jeanette; Shaw, Leslee; Sitges, Marta; von Kemp, Berlinde; Pinto, Fausto J.; Edvardsen, Thor; Petersen, Steffen E.; Cosyns, Bernard
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent an important cause of mortality and morbidity in women. It is now recognized that there are sex differences regarding the prevalence and the clinical significance of the traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors as well as the pathology underlying a range of CVDs. Unfortunately, women have been under-represented in most CVD imaging studies and trials regarding diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. There is therefore a clear need for further investigation of how CVD affects women along their life span. Multimodality CV imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis of CVD in women as well as in prognosis, decision-making, and monitoring of therapeutics and interventions. However, multimodality imaging in women requires specific consideration given the differences in CVD between the sexes. These differences relate to physiological changes that only women experience (e.g. pregnancy and menopause) as well as variation in the underlying pathophysiology of CVD and also differences in the prevalence of certain conditions such as connective tissue disorders, Takotsubo, and spontaneous coronary artery dissection, which are all more common in women. This scientific statement on CV multimodality in women, an initiative of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging of the European Society of Cardiology, reviews the role of multimodality CV imaging in the diagnosis, management, and risk stratification of CVD, as well as highlights important gaps in our knowledge that require further investigation.
Challenges Of Masked Communication In Healthcare And Facilitating Strategies
(JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC NURSING, 2024-07-22) Demirel, Yuksel
Wearing a face mask is one of the main means of preventing the transmission of certain respiratory diseases. This measure, combined with social distancing and hand washing, helps to slow the spread and reduce transmission of the virus, especially among people who are expressed as asymptomatic carriers, while causing communication difficulties between patients and healthcare professionals. If strategies to cope with these difficulties are not developed, serious errors may occur in the field of health services. Because the field of health services is one of the service areas where it is vital to maintain communication without interruption. For this reason, the effective performance of the procedures requires that the health personnel understand the messages correctly and appropriately both in their communication with each other and with the patient and that the patients can adequately express their feelings and thoughts to the healthcare professionals. The aim of this study is to reveal the difficulties and facilitating strategies of masked communication in health services during the COVID-19 process. The method of "document scanning-a literature review" was used as a way of data collection in the research. In this direction, the literature dealing with the importance of the face in expressing emotions in face-to-face communication and the difficulties caused by face masks in communication during the COVID-19 epidemic was scanned using keywords and various combinations of these words.
Comparison Of Respiratory Functions, Muscle Strength, And Physical Activity Among Children With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia With And Without Kartagener's Syndrome And Healthy Controls
(PHYSIOTHERAPY THEORY AND PRACTICE, 2024-12-01) Firat, Merve; Mutlu, Seyma; Yoleri, Betul; Guclu, Meral Bosnak
Introduction: Kartagener's syndrome (KS), consisting of bronchiectasis, situs inversus totalis, and sinusitis, is a subtype of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). The presence of KS may affect respiratory and physical functions. Purpose: This study aimed to compare respiratory functions, exercise capacity, muscle strength, and physical activity levels among children with PCD with/without KS and healthy peers. Methods: Fifteen patients with KS, 23 with PCD without KS, and 27 controls were compared. Pulmonary function, functional exercise capacity (6-minute walk test - 6MWT), maximal inspiratory, expiratory (MIP, MEP), and skeletal muscle strength, inspiratory muscle endurance (IME), and physical activity level were evaluated. Results: The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) % (p = .009), forced expiratory flow from 25%-75% (FEF25-75%) % (p = .001), MIP (p = .034), MEP (p = .003), 6MWT distance (p = .001), and daily steps (p = .034) were significantly different among the groups. Quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle strength and IME were similar in groups (p > .05). FEV1% (p = .002), FEF25-75% % (p = .001), MIP (p = .027), MEP (p = .001), and 6MWT distance (p = .003) in patients with KS; 6MWT distance (p = .003) in patients with PCD without KS was significantly lower than controls. Conclusion: The presence of KS affects pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, and physical activity more. Exercise capacity and physical activity levels are decreased, inspiratory muscle endurance and QF muscle strength are preserved in patients with KS and PCD without KS. Kartagener's syndrome further impairs pulmonary and extrapulmonary outcomes; the reasons should be investigated, and the necessity of rehabilitation approaches that will prevent deterioration come to the fore.
Comparison Of The Escape Room And Storytelling Methods In Learning The Stress Response: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
(NURSE EDUCATION IN PRACTICE, 2024-12) Dogu, Nilgun; Boztepe, Handan; Topal, Cansu Akdag; Sonmez, Munevver; Yuceer, Bugse; Bayraktar, Nurhan
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Escape Room and Storytelling methods on nursing students' learning about the topic of stress response. Background: It is recommended that new generations be trained using innovative teaching methods that differ from traditional teaching methods. The Escape Room and Storytelling methods are among the techniques that have been used and recommended for this purpose. Design: The study was conducted with a randomized, controlled design. Methods: Thirty-five (n = 35) second-year undergraduate nursing students were randomly divided into two groups, one group was trained on stress response using the Escape Room method, while the other group was trained using the Storytelling method. Focus-group interviews were conducted with the students after the interventions. Results: There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of the median post-intervention knowledge assessment score. It was determined that the students in the Escape Room group scored significantly higher than those in the Storytelling group (p < 0.05) Conclusions: The use of these methods, which ensure the active participation of students and increase their motivation, effectively contributes to meeting the educational needs of students and increases their level of satisfaction.
Comparison of the Post Treatment Outcomes of a Conservative Physiotherapy Protocol for Subacromial Impingement Syndrome in Terms of Acromion Morphology
(Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, 2024-04-19) Turhan, Beguemhan; Dogan, Hilal; Maden, Cagtay
Objective: The present study aimed to compare the results of a conservative physiotherapy (CP) protocol for subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) in terms of the morphological types of acromion. Methods: Fifty patients participated in the present study, and they were divided into 3 groups according to the acromion morphology types. A 8-week CP (4-week treatment period at the clinic and, in addition, an exercise program at home for 4 weeks) was applied to all patients. The patients were evaluated in terms of pain (at rest and activity) by the Visual Analog Scale, range of motion (ROM), joint position sense (laser pointer), muscle strength (digital dinamometer), and functionality (the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, SPADI) before and after the treatment. Result: In the pre- and post-treatment changes (delta), the shoulder flexion angle increased less in the type 3 group than in the type 1 and type 2 groups (p<0.05). In the shoulder abduction angle, there was a similar increase in the type 3 group compared to the type 2 group, while there was less increase in the type 1 group (p<0.05). It was determined that there was more deviation in the change value of shoulder abduction position sense in the type 3 group compared to the other groups (p<0.05). There was no difference between the groups in the change values of pain, muscle strength, or the SPADI score (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Type 3 acromion may have a handicap in improving shoulder flexion and abduction ROM and shoulder abduction position compared to other types.
Cost Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Turkiye: Results Of A Delphi Panel Analysis
(VALUE IN HEALTH, 2024-12) Dane, F.; Tatar, M.; Goker, E.; Yildiz, B.; Saglam, S.; Karaca, M.; Seker, M.; Sendur, M. A.; Dilber, F.; Lacin, S.; Dulundu, E.; Kose, F.; Aydogan, D.; Ozturk, B.; Yalcin, S.
Evaluation Of Influenza Management Cost In Turkiye: Case Analysis Of Diagnosis, Medication, And Healthcare Use
(VALUE IN HEALTH, 2024-12) Caliskan, Z.; Bitik, B.; Demiroglu, Y. Z.; Aydin, Gayretli Z. G; Torun, Hancerli S.; Pullukcu, H.; Tanriover, Durusu M.; Atikeler, K.; Batur, I.; Dokumaci, M. T.; Koc, E.; Yoruk, O; Kockaya, G.; Tibet, B.; Kurnaz, M.; Kasri, A.; Cansever, M.