Tıp Fakültesi / Faculty of Medicine
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11727/1403
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Item Experimental Bladder Cancer Models for Animals(2015) Kosan, Murat; Mungan, AydinTransitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common malignancy of the genitourinary tract and TCC models are being developed over the past decades. Experimental models are needed so that more effective treatments can be developed in preclinical evaluation. Even if, in vitro models are useful for initial development and evaluation of therapeutic agents and modalities, adequate animal models are still essential in the preclinical development of new effective and safe therapies. A great variety of ex vivo and in vivo models has been described in the literature. Chemical carcinogens are most commonly used to induce bladder cancer. Cell culture techniques are also widely used to study different oncological processes. To test potential new drugs in a preclinical setting, a clinically relevant orthotopic bladder tumor model is highly desirable. The aim of this review article was the assessment of different animal models available for the study of bladder carcinogenesis.Item Evaluation of the Current Situation Tissue and Serum Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer(2015) Kervancioglu, Enis; Kosan, MuratProstate cancer, is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States and in many parts of the world and ranks 2nd in death from cancer among men. Lifetime risk of developing prostate cancer is 16%. Currently the only accepted screening tool Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) and Digital Rectal Examination (DRE). PSA is a specific biomarker but non-specific for prostate cancer. In diseases such as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis high serum PSA levels can be detected. Therefore, identifying prostate cancer only with serum PSA measurement has lower specificity and may lead to false positive results and unnecessary biopsies. Some encountered problems such as unnecessary diagnoses of clinically insignificant cancer and the non-diagnosis of early stage cancers can take. In recent years there are too many studies to investigate new biomarkers for replacing or helping PSA. The aim of this article was the evaluation of the current situation for PSA and non-PSA tissue and serum biomarkers which are published.Item Vesicouterina fistula: Youssef's syndrome(2015) Cicek, Tufan; Duman, Enes; Toprak, Erzat; Kosan, MuratVesico-uterin fistula is a rare type of fistulas and can be diagnosed frequently after surgery. First described by Youssef in 1957. Clasically findings are; cyclic haematuria without urinary incontinence and secondary amenorrhea. The patient was referred to our clinic for cyclic hematuria and she was diagnosed with vesicouterine fistula by radiological imaging methods and a cystoscopy procedure. Being a rare occurrence, this case was reported with a discussion of the relevant literature.Item The Optimum Dosage of Prilocaine in Periprostatic Nerve Block During Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Prostate Biopsy: A New Approach in Dose Calculation(2016) Gonulalan, Umut; Kosan, Murat; Kervancioglu, Enis; Cicek, Tufan; Ozturk, Bulent; Ozkardes, HakanObjective: We aimed to calculate the optimum dose of prilocaine per one mL prostate volume in periprostatic nerve block (PPNB) during transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy (PBx). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 83 patients from whom 12 cores TRUS guided PBx were obtained between years 2011 and 2013. Prostatic sizes were evaluated separately as Size 1 (anterior-posterior on the axial plane), Size 2 (transversal), and Size 3 (cranial-caudal on the sagittal plane) for all patients. The visual analog scores (VAS) of the patients during PBx, prostatic volumes, and prilocaine doses per one mL prostate were evaluated. The correlation between VAS of patients during PBx and prostatic volume, the prostatic sizes and prilocaine dosage per one mL prostate was analyzed using Cubic regression test. Results: It was found that VAS scores of patients were significantly positive correlated with prostatic volume, Size 1, 2 and 3 (p<0.05). However, there was a negative significant correlation between VAS and prilocaine dose per one mL prostate volume (r=-0.402, p<0.01). The dose of 0.1 mL prilocaine infiltration per one mL prostatic tissue in PPNB was the maximum dose that caused a mild and under annoying pain (VAS<2) in patients according to cubic regression formula. Conclusion: Prilocaine dosage, prostatic volume and prostatic sizes (especially anterior-posterior and cranial-caudal) significantly affect VAS scores during TRUS guided PBx. The pain in TRUS guided PBx should be controlled with an optimum dose of prilocaine as 0.1 mL per one mL of prostatic tissue.Item Predictive values of vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel-density levels in initial biopsy for prostate cancer(2016) Kervancioglu, Enis; Kosan, Murat; Erinanc, Hilal; Gonulalan, Umut; Oguzulgen, Ahmet Ibrahim; Coskun, Esra Zeynep; Ozkardes, Hakan; 26944325Angiogenesis is an important factor in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCA). We aimed to investigate the values of vascular-endothelial-growth-factor (VEGF) expression level and microvessel density (MVD) in the prediction of PCA diagnosis at repeated prostate biopsy (re-PBx). We retrospectively evaluated 167 patients with re-PBx according to elevated prostate-specific antigen levels, suspicious digital rectal examination, and the presence of premalignant lesions. Patients with PCA on re-PBx were included in the cancer group (n = 17). Patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia or normal tissues on re-PBx were included in the control group (n = 21). The groups were compared according to the expression level of VEGF and MVD in initial prostate biopsy. There was no statistically significant difference between groups according to age and serum prostate-specific-antigen values. The mean VEGF scores of the cancer and control groups were 232.64 +/- 11.14 and 183.09 +/- 14.56, respectively (p < 0.05). The mean MVD of the biopsy samples in the cancer and control groups were 246.47 +/- 17.59 n/mm(2) and 197.33 +/- 16.26 n/mm(2), respectively (p < 0.05). The cutoff values of VEGF scores and MVD were set as 200 and 215, respectively, for PCA detection in our study. Our results showed that the expression level of VEGF and MVD significantly increased in the initial prostate-biopsy samples of patients with PCA diagnosed with re-PBx. The evaluation of VEGF expression level and MVD might have an important value in the prediction of PCA at re-PBx. The expression level of VEGF and MVD should be kept in mind as PCA-related histopathological changes that indicate the increased angiogenesis in prostatic tissue. Copyright (C) 2015, Kaohsiung Medical University. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.Item Early and Late Complications of Urinary Diversions after Radical Cystectomy(2016) Kosan, Murat; Gonulalan, UmutOne of the strongest predictive factors for the early and late postoperative complications and morbidity of radical cystectomy is the type of urinary diversion following cystectomy. In this paper, we reviewed English-language literature on urinary diversions after cystectomy and their early and late complications. All types of urinary diversions have potential risks of diversion-related metabolic complications, infection, intestinal obstruction and renal deficiency. Although there is no agreement on the ideal urinary diversion, orthotopic neobladder without an external stoma is the most popular type of diversion in appropriate patients due to the protection of body image. Ileal conduit is another frequently selected urinary diversion for elderly patients with comorbidity. Both orthotopic neobladder and ileal conduits are well tolerated options with low morbidity. Nevertheless, postoperative early and late complications, such as urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, urinary leakage, stomal stenosis, urolithiasis and morphological changes in the upper urinary tract should be kept in mind.