Does high estrogen level negatively affect pregnancy success in frozen embryo transfer?

Abstract

Introduction: High estrogen levels could reduce pregnancy rates by disrupting the implantation of the embryo into the endometrium in patients treated with fresh cycles of in vitro fertilization. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of estrogen levels on the pregnancy and abortion rate in autologous frozen embryo transfer with hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

Material and methods: A historical cohort study was conducted in an academic setting to investigate the effect of estrogen levels on the pregnancy and abortion rates for all autologous artificial frozen embryo transfer cycles performed from January 2016 to January 2018. Serum estradiol levels recorded on day 2 or 3 of the cycle were stated as e1, and levels recorded on the day of progesterone were indicated as e2. Human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) positivity, which was examined 14 days after the transfer, was used to evaluate biochemical pregnancy. Abortion was defined as the termination of pregnancy before the 20th gestational week.

Results: There were 130 patients with unexplained infertility, 20 patients with poor ovarian reserve, and 54 patients with male factor. Of the patients with unexplained infertility, poor ovarian reserve, and male factor, 58, 4, and 27 of them were pregnant, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the e1 and e2 levels of the pregnant and non-pregnant groups (p = 0.273, p = 0.219). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between e2 levels in terms of the abortion rate (p = 0.722).

Conclusions: In autologous frozen embryo transfer with HRT, estrogen levels did not have a significant effect on the pregnancy or abortion rate. Therefore, estrogen levels do not need to be monitored in frozen embryo transfer with HRT.