Acute Renal Failure and Its Impact on Survival Following Cardiac Transplantation

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the incidence and risk factors for acute renal failure (ARF) and also the associated hazard of death in recipients of cardiac transplants.

MATERIAL and MET HODS: We included 25 patients in the study; 18 patients developed ARF (72%) and underwent continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (Group I) and 7 patients had stable renal function (28%) (Group II). We retrospectively retrieved demographic variables; clinical, perioperative, postoperative complications and echocardiographic data; and biochemical parameters at the time of the surgery and six months later.

RESULTS: Cumulative survival was 72.2% after 6 months, 64.2% after 24 months, and 51.4% after 32 months for Group I and 50% after 32 months for Group II (p> 0.05). A total of 8 patients died (32%); 1 (5.5%) from Group I and 7 (87.5%) from Group II. Risk factors for ARF were preoperative serum BUN, creatinine levels, and cardiopulmonary bypass time (p< 0.05). Only one patient underwent chronic hemodialysis because of chronic renal dysfunction in Group I while there was no such patient in group II.

CONCLUSION: Preoperative serum BUN, creatinine value, and cardioopulmonary bypass time were found to be risk factors for ARF after cardiac transplantation. Postoperative renal dysfunction did not affect long-term renal function and survival.