The results of interventional catheterization in infants weighing under 2,000 g

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the early and mid-term results of interventional cardiac catheterization and procedure-related complications in infants weighing <2,000 g.

Methods: Between May 1998 and April 2017, 22 patients (14 males, 8 females; mean age 14 +/- 8.4 days; range, 1 to 30 days) weighing < 2,000 g who underwent a total of 23 interventional cardiac catheterization were retrospectively analyzed. Procedures were balloon coarctation angioplasty in 14, balloon atrial septostomy in five, balloon aortic valvuloplasty in one, balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in one, patent ductus arteriosus closure in one, and stent placement in the ductus in one patient. Another patient underwent balloon coarctation angioplasty and balloon aortic valvuloplasty in the same session.

Results: The overall success rate of the interventional procedures was 95.6%. The mean follow-up was 3.2 +/- 1.6 years (range, 1 to 5.5) for 18 patients with available records. The rate of serious complications was 18%. The most frequent complications in the early period were low hemoglobin levels requiring erythrocyte suspension transfusion (54.5%) and vascular injury (54.5%). Two patients required reintervention, one patient required surgery after the second intervention, and three patients required only surgery. Six patients underwent palliative interventional procedures, and interventional procedures led to definitive treatment in five patients.

Conclusion: The mortality and morbidity rate of surgery is high in premature under 2,000 g infants and interventional heart catheterization can be life-saving in this patient group, although it is associated with significant complications in low birth weight newborns.