Pretransplant Renal Arterial Vasculopathy of Donor Predicts Poor Renal Allograft Survival

Abstract

Objectives: Transplant vasculopathy is a significant predictor of poor outcome. We investigated whether age or pretransplant renal arterial vasculopathy of grafted kidneys affected allograft survival.

Materials and Methods: This study included 148 recipients and their donors. All donors underwent pretransplant renal arterial biopsy, with renal artery vascular score determined for each artery. Chronic rejection and graft loss were noted for all patients.

Results: Variable grades of pretransplant renal arterial lesions were noted in 103 donors (69.6%). A positive correlation was found between donor age and renal artery score (r = 0.650, P < .001), and chronic rejection and graft loss were found to increase with increasing score (P < .001). Recipient and donor age was significantly associated with graft loss and chronic rejection. With either younger or older donors, recipients had similar and best results regarding chronic rejection and graft loss if donors had renal artery scores of 0 or 1, but worse effects if donors had scores of 2 or 3. Five-year allograft survival rates for scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3 were 91%, 68%, 46%, and 33%. Univariate analyses showed that acute rejection episode (relative risk: 2.729, 95% confidence interval, 1.496-4.977; P= .001), older (>= 50 y) donor age (relative risk: 1.970, 95% confidence interval, 1.038-3.736; P = .04), and donor renal artery score (relative risk: 2.466, 95% confidence interval, 1.382-4.401; P = .002) were associated with decreased allograft survival. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that only acute rejection episode (relative risk: 3.585, 95% confidence interval, 1.781-7.217; P < .001) and renal artery score (relative risk: 2.642; 95% confidence interval, 1.355-5.150; P = .004) were independent predictors of allograft survival.

Conclusions: Pretransplant vasculopathy in donor renal artery implies a poor prognosis for renal allograft survival and is independent of other risk factors. Pretransplant renal artery biopsy is recommended for both deceased and living donors, and therapeutic interventions to modify transplant vasculopathy progression should start early posttransplant in recipients with affected renal arteries.