Başkent Üniversitesi Yayınları
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Item End-stage Renal Disease Among Living-Kidney Donors: Single-center Experience(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2011-02) Wafa, Ehab W.; Ghoneim, Mohamed A.; Ghar, Mohamed I. Abo El; Mostafa, Amani; Sheashaa, Hussein A.; Fouda, Mohamed A.; Abbas, Tarek M.; Refaie, Ayman F.Objectives: Renal transplant from living donors is widely accepted as a highly effective treatment for end-stage renal disease. Donors undergo a major operation with considerable perioperative risks of morbidity and mortality. Living with a single kidney also confers long-term risks. This study sought the incidence and causes of end-stage renal disease among living kidney donors. Materials and Methods: This study included all donors who had reached end-stage renal disease among 2000 consecutive living-kidney donors. All operations and follow-up were performed in a single center. We studied the onset of renal disease, cause of end-stage renal disease, date of replacement therapy, and outcome. We also revised the donor’s medical records related to their corresponding recipients. Results: Of 2000 living donors, 8 developed end-stage renal disease; 6 were men (mean age, 30.87 ± 5.84 years. Renal failure occurred 5 to 27 years after donation. Renal transplant was done in 1 donor. Medical complications were proteinuria (6 patients), hypertension (7 patients), diabetes (3 patients), gout (3 patients), ischemic heart disease (5 patients), and hepatitis viral infection (4 patients). The causes of end-stage renal disease were diabetic nephropathy in 3 patients. Other possible causes included toxic nephropathy, chronic pyelonephritis, and preeclampsia. Conclusions: Living kidney donation is safe, and development of renal failure after donation is caused by the same causes as in the general population.Item Cytomegalovirus Reactivation After Matched Sibling Donor Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Correlates With Donor Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Genotype(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2011-02) Sobecks, Ronald M.; Bolwell, Brian J.; Copelan, Edward; Mossad, Sherif; Avery, Robin; Dean, Robert; Kalaycio, Matt; Rybicki, Lisa; Thomas, Dawn; Askar, MedhatObjectives: cytomegalovirus reactivation is common after reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Natural killer and T cells mediate immunity against viruses including cytomegalovirus. The alloreactivity of Natural killer cells and some T-cell subsets is mediated through the interaction of their killer immunoglobulin-like receptors with target cell ligands. This study sought to assess whether donor inhibitory or activating killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotypes may influence post-transplant cytomegalovirus reactivation in transplant recipients. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 64 patients who underwent T-cell replete, matched sibling donor reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at our institution. Transplant recipients were categorized according to their HLA inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptor ligand groups. Donor killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotypes were determined and then were assessed for correlations with cytomegalovirus reactivation in transplant recipients. Results: No differences in cytomegalovirus reactivation were observed when comparing those with or without missing inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptor ligands. When considering the number of donor activating killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genes, those with 5 or 6 had less cytomegalovirus reactivation than those with 1 to 4 (19% vs 48%; P = .029). The difference could not be attributed to baseline patient or transplant characteristics. No specific activating killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotype was found to be associated with cytomegalovirus reactivation. Conclusions: These observations indicate that assessment of donor killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotype may have important implications for predicting cytomegalovirus reactivation after T-cell replete, matched sibling donor reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.Item Treatment of Hepatitis C-Virus–Reinfection After Liver Transplant with Silibinin in Nonresponders to Pegylated Interferon-based Therapy(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2011-02) Eurich, Dennis; Neumann, Ulf; Neuhaus, Peter; Neuhaus, Ruth; Biermer, Michael; Boas-Knoop, Sabine; Berg, Thomas; Bahra, MarcusObjectives: Hepatitis C-virus–persistence after orthotopic liver transplant leads to reduced patient and graft survival compared to other indications. Current interferon-based antiviral therapy of hepatitis C-virus–infection posttransplant provides a sustained response rate of 30% to 40%. This study, performed in an hepatitis C-virus-reinfected liver transplant population, examines the antiviral effect of intravenously administered silibinin, recently reported to exhibit strong antiviral properties in the natural setting of hepatitis C-virus–related liver disease. Patients and Methods: Four patients after orthotopic liver transplant with hepatitis C-virus–recurrence, previously having not responded to peg-interferon-ribavirin therapy, were treated with intravenous silibinin and additionally, after the 10th day, with standard interferon-based therapy. Aminotransferases and hepatitis C-virus–RNA were measured during treatment. Results: All patients demonstrated normalization of liver enzymes and significant decline of hepatitis Cvirus–RNA measured at day 10 (mean 2.8 logarithmic levels: 1.7, 2.3, 2.9, and 4.3) during silibinin monotherapy. One patient cleared hepatitis C-virus–RNA under silibinin monotherapy and another patient eliminated hepatitis C virus under subsequent interferon-based therapy. No adverse effects were observed during silibinin application. Conclusions: Intravenous silibinin is an effective therapeutic approach for treating hepatitis C-virus–reinfection after liver transplant and should be evaluated further.Item Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Bridging to Lung Transplant Complicated by Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2010-12) Dolch, Michael E.; Munich Lung Transplant Group; Irlbeck, Michael; Behr, Jürgen; Beiras-Fernandez, Andres; Überfuhr, Peter A.; Hatz, Rudolf; Frey, LorenzIn patients with acute respiratory failure and life-threatening impairment of pulmonary gas exchange, venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation offers further therapeutic options. During extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment, systemic anticoagulation is usually achieved by heparin administration, which exposes patients to the risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II. We present a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation who experienced heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II and in whom anticoagulation was continued with argatroban. Because respiratory failure did not resolve, the patient was bridged to lung transplant with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Argatroban anticoagulation was safely used until lung transplant (on day 114 after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation) and after transplant in the presence of hepatic failure.Item Swine H1N1 Infection in a Renal Transplant Recipient(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2010-12) Ozkan, Gulsum; Kazaz, Nazli; Cansiz, Muammer; Oztuna, Funda; Kaynar, Kubra; Ulusoy, SukruInfluenza pandemics have been observed in several periods throughout history. The first influenza pandemic of the 21st century began in Mexico in 2009 and has spread rapidly all over the world. Swine H1N1 has been officially declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in June 2009. As has been observed in previous pandemics, pregnant women, adolescents, and immunosuppressed individuals are affected more severely in this pandemic. Despite several reports about the pandemic, there have not been any reports of swine H1N1 infection in individuals who underwent renal transplant. The aim of the current study was to present oseltamivir therapy in a swine H1N1-infected patient who underwent renal transplant 10 months earlier, and was thus under immunosuppressive treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a swine H1N1 infection in a renal transplant recipient.Item Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms in Liver Transplant Recipients(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2010-12) Azarpira, Negar; Daraie, Masumeh; Geramizadeh, Bita; Salahi, HeshmatolahObjectives: Liver transplant is an established treatment for end-stage liver failure. Vitamin D has been shown to exert multiple immunomodulatory effects, which act through its own receptor (vitamin D receptor). In the present study, the association between Iranian patients with liver transplant and the polymorphism of vitamin D receptor FokI T>C (rs10735810) was investigated. Materials and Methods: The candidate gene locus was genotyped in 51 liver transplant recipients, and the association of each genotype with allograft acute rejection was evaluated. Results: In this study, we found no evidence to suggest that vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism determines the incidence of acute rejection after liver transplant. The distribution of alleles was not different according to the underlying liver disease. Conclusions: Larger epidemiologic studies are needed to elucidate the importance of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in transplant recipients.Item Sorafenib As Adjuvant Therapy For High-Risk Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Liver Transplant Recipients: Feasibility and Efficacy(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2010-12) Saab, Sammy; Busuttil, Ronald W.; Finn, Richard S.; McTigue, MichaelObjectives: Liver transplant can be a definitive treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, recurrence limits long-term survival. Sorafenib is the first agent to improve survival for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, case- control match analysis was performed, along with assessment of safety and tolerability. The endpoints of the study were recurrence incidence, episodes of rejection, and disease-free overall survival. Eight patients who underwent liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma between May 2007 and April 2009, and tolerated adjuvant therapy with sorafenib were matched with patients who did not receive sorafenib according to age, sex, year of transplant, tumor burden, and presence of vascular invasion. Results: During follow-up, there were no episodes of rejection in either group. Eight patients were able to tolerate a predetermined duration of therapy. During a mean (± standard deviation [SD]) follow-up of 17.75 ± 6.26 months, 1 of 8 patients (12.5%) treated with sorafenib developed hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. During a mean (± SD) follow-up of 31.63 months (± 22.30 months), 4 of 8 matched controls (50.0%) developed hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. Disease-free 1-year survival for sorafenib and control group was 85.7% and 57.1%. Overall, 1-year survival for sorafenib and control group was 87.5% and 62.5%. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the safety and potential benefit of sorafenib in reducing the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and in extending disease-free and overall survival for high-risk liver transplant recipients. A prospective trial is needed to fully assess the role sorafenib as prophylaxis against hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence.Item Reasons of Preclusion of Living-Related Donor Renal Transplants in Oman(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2010-12) Mohsin, Nabil; Metry, AbdelmessihObjectives: Renal transplant, especially from genetically related living-donors, is associated with excellent results. The security and free will of the donor are of paramount importance. A significant percentage of such transplants are not accomplished for both medical and nonmedical reasons. Materials and Methods: We looked retrospectively into the causes of nonaccomplishment of renal transplants from living-related donor transplants at our center from January 2006 through June 2008. Results: During this period, 69 and 99 potential renal transplant recipient and donors were investigated. Transplants could be performed only in 35 patients (51%). About 59% of the donors were rejected or declined. Reasons for exclusion were immunologic in 14 donors (14%). Medical and nonmedical conditions precluded donation in 35 donors (35%) and 12 donors (12%). Medical reasons consisted mainly of undiagnosed hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and renal anomalies. In the recipients, the major reason was option for transplant tourism, occurred in 11 cases (16%). Conclusions: A substantial number of investigated recipients and donors for living-related transplant are not accomplished. The major reasons are medical for the donor and transplant tourism for the recipient.Item Low Prevalence of BK Virus Nephropathy on Nonprotocol Renal Biopsies in Iranian Kidney Transplant Recipients: One Center’s Experience and Review of the Literature(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2010-12) Soleymanian, Tayebeh; Najafi, Iraj; Hakemi, Monirsadat; Saddadi, Fereshteh; Amin, Manoochehr; Naderi, Gholamhosein; Ganji, Mohammad Reza; Sotoodeh, Masoud; Rasulzadegan, Mohammad HoseinBackground: BK virus-associated nephropathy in renal transplant recipients has been increasing in frequency in recent years. This rise is probably because of widespread use of highly potent immunosuppressive regimens, and increased immunosuppression load leads to inability of the recipients to increase a successful antiviral immune response. The incidence of BK virus-associated nephropathy in different reports is between 1% and 10%, with an allograft loss in significant numbers of patients, especially when timely diagnosis and treatment is not restored. We report our experience on BK virus nephropathy in our institute. Materials and Methods: All renal transplant biopsies performed at our center between 2001 and 2006 were immunohistochemically screened for the presence of PV-specific protein (SV40 Ag). The histologic diagnosis of BK virus-associated nephropathy was made upon the observation of morphologic changes in tubular epithelium and confirmation with immunohistochemical staining. We reviewed the clinical records of the subjects for demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. Results: BK virus nephropathy was found in 0.93% of all investigated allograft biopsies (1/108) and in 1.04% of all recipients (1/96; mean age of recipients, 36.48 ±14.10 years; age range, 13-74 years); 54 of them were male (57%). Type of kidney transplant was living-unrelated donor 76 (79%), living-related donor 13 (14%), and deceased donor 7. Seventeen patients (18%) were transplanted for a second time. Immunosuppressive drugs in 87 of recipients (90%) were cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone. Our patient who developed BK virus-associated nephropathy 9 months after transplant was a 37-year-old man on prednisone, cyclosporine, and azathioprine immunosuppresion. He lost his graft 4 months after diagnosis. Conclusions: Although BK virus nephropathy after renal transplant is uncommon, it is a serious complication causing loss of the allograft. It should be included in the clinical differential diagnosis of transplant dysfunction.Item The Role of Generics in Kidney Transplant: Mycophenolate Mofetil 500 Versus Mycophenolate: 2-Year Results(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2010-12) Abdallah, Taieb Ben; Kheder, Adel; Abderrahim, Ezzeddine; Bacha, Med Mongi; Mhibik, Sonia; Karoui, Cyrine; Helal, Imed; Cherif, Mejda; Ounissi, MondherObjectives: The introduction of mycophenolate mofetil has proven itself effective in preventing acute rejection in renal transplant recipients. However, this cost is ineffective with countries with a limited income. This study sought to compare the clinical and therapeutic profiles of a generic formulation with mycophenolate mofetil. Materials and Methods: This 2-year, single-center, prospective, randomized, open-label study investigated the efficacy and safety of a new mycophenolate mofetil generic formulation compared with mycophenolate renal transplant recipients. The study divided patients in 2 groups: 8 patients in G1 received mycophenolate mofetil 500 and 10 patients in G2 received mycophenolate. Their demographics were similar: mean age, 36.6±7.1 and 33.3±11.7 years; sex M/F: 2/6 and 5/5; mean donor age, 42.6±11.1 and 43.6±13.9 years; mean HLA mismatches, 2.7±1.2 and 3.3±1.5; deceased donors, 25% and 20%; and warm ischemia time, 40.2±11.9 and 38.7±10.5 minutes. All patients received 2 g daily of mycophenolate mofetil 500 or mycophenolate with initial dosage of 0.1 mg/kg/d and prednisolone. Results: One patient of 7 in the mycophenolate mofetil group and 4 of 6 in the mycophenolate group had 1 episode of acute tubular necrosis, and 1 patient in each group had an acute rejection with no significant differences between the groups. The area under the curve of the mycophenolate mofetil did not show any difference between the 2 groups. The values of serum creatinine were also comparable. Patient survival rate at 6, 12, and 24 months was 100% in the groups. The frequencies of digestive and hematologic adverse effects were comparable in the groups with no significant differences. Conclusions: Use of mycophenolate mofetil 500 provided safe and effective immunosuppressive therapy compared with mycophenolate. However, as the duration of the study was short, these results need to be confirmed in a long-term study.