Başkent Üniversitesi Yayınları

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Author: search.filters.author.Santiago J. SantelisSubject: search.filters.subject.Hypermetabolism

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    Impact of Severe Burns on Pancreatic Islets: An Experimental Model in Rats
    (Başkent Üniversitesi, 2022-03) Santiago J. Santelis; Ayse Ebru Abali; Gonca Ozgun; B. Handan Ozdemir; Neslihan Basci Tutuncu; Mehmet Haberal
    ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: Severe burn victims experience a systemic inflammatory response and a hypermetabolic response that can generate adverse effects on many distant organs and systems. Our aim in this study was to describe the histopathological changes in the pancreatic islets secondary to severe burns in an experimental animal model. MATERIALS & METHODS: Fourteen Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: the sham group and the burn group. A full-thickness burn model was designed to induce a burn of 25% total body surface area. Seven days after burn induction and sham procedure, pancreatectomy was performed. Pancreatic tissues were examined under light microscopy, and islet size and cellularity were calculated. RESULTS: The histopathologic examination was unremarkable, but the mean number of islets per pancreatic tissue was lower in the burn group than in the sham group. We observed a significant difference in the mean number of cells per one islet between the 2 groups, with the cell count higher in the burn group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: During the acute phase of burn injury in rats, we observed a decrease in the number of pancreatic islets with remarkable hypercellularity. Further studies are needed to determine the histological and cellular basis of these changes.
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    The Endocrine Response to Burn Injuries: The Role of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Hormones
    (Başkent Üniversitesi, 2022-03) Santiago J. Santelis
    ABSTRACT Burn injuries are one of the most common forms of trauma worldwide. Immediately after burn injury, marked emotional and physical responses occur, which are brought about by sudden increases in sympathetic nervous system activity and endogenous stress hormone levels. Hypermetabolism is a hallmark of the stress response to burns, and it is associated with poor clinical outcomes. The role of the endocrine system in this response is complex and important, and almost all hormones take part in it. Although endocrine studies in patients with burns started in the early 1950s, the exact role of the pituitary gland in these alterations is unknown, with the biochemical pathways so far poorly defined. The early recognition of these changes and their treatment can improve clinical outcomes. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on how the hypothalamic-pituitary hormones respond to thermal injuries.