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Item In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries(2022) Sarioguz, Eyluel; Karaarslan, Cemre; 36185503The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., "If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others") or potential gains (e.g., "If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others")? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions.Item Rethinking Principles of School Mathematics during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multiple-Case Study on Higher Education Courses Related to Teaching Mathematics(2021) Yilmaz, Aysenur; Kostur, MerveThe study was carried out with prospective teachers (PTs) in Primary School Teaching Program in a private university (n=43) and Middle School Mathematics Teaching program in a public university (n=46). In this paper, multiple-case study was adopted to explore PTs' opinions and to reveal the differences between two universities in terms of taking a mathematics education course through online teaching when the COVID-19 pandemic was very first appeared. The content of the course was based on the principles of school mathematics which were put forth by National Council of Teachers of Mathematics [NCTM]. Hence, the principles were used as the themes in the data analysis. For this purpose, a survey was used to explore the advantages and the challenges faced in online teaching from the PTs' perspective. The analysis of the data showed that the PTs at both universities had both positive and opposing views towards online mathematics education course as mandated by the pandemic. Besides, the technology principle in NCTM was found to be a principle in which the other principles were organized and applied according to it. PTs' reflections on the learning and teaching principles in practice were at the forefront. The reflections regarding the assessment and the equity principle were not among the principles that were frequently mentioned. Discussion on and suggestions for overcoming the challenges were elaborated on.Item Parents' Shares On Instagram In The Early Days Of The COVID-19 Pandemic(2022) Er, Suhendan; Yilmazturk, Nergis Hazal; Ozgul, Tuba; Cok, FigenMany people had to stay at home with their families during the pandemic because of social distancing guidelines and lockdowns. This study aims to explore the content of 'sharenting' of parents during the early COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine periods in Turkey. In total, 401 posts were collected from public Instagram accounts of parents who shared their own children's photos or videos between 18th30th April 2020, via the most commonly used hashtags of #korona (#corona) and #evdekal (# stayhome). Descriptive content analysis was conducted within identified categories. Results revealed that the popular hashtag #stayathome is particularly important for its optimistic representation of the lockdown process in society. Content analysis results show that with the inclusion of social media shares, family members spent more time together, which can be seen as one of the positive consequences of this period. In the results of continued sharenting during the early pandemic, children's faces were mainly kept visible, which might concern children's privacy. Additionally, mothers shared more during this period. Consequently, education to increase awareness of such concepts gains importance, especially for the well-being and privacy of children and any future implications.Item Validity and Reliability Testing Study of the Turkish Version of the Misophonia Scale(2022) Sakarya, Merve Deniz; Cakmak, EdaMisophonia is a disorder where individuals experience decreased tolerance to certain sounds that trigger intense emotional or physiological responses in them. People with misophonia can feel disgust, anger, anxiety, and they may experience anger outbursts when exposed to certain sounds that are insignificant to other people, such as chewing, lip-smacking, and breathing. There is no consensus on the prevalence, assessment, and management of misophonia. A major barrier to the research on misophonia is the lack of robust psychometric assessment tools. This study aims to meet the need for a measurement tool for clinical and population-based evaluations intended for misophonia by adapting the Misophonia Questionnaire (Wu et al., 2014) to Turkish. The research was carried out on 638 undergraduate students at Baskent University, from 18 to 26 years of age. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on 420 participants (73% female, 27% male) and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on 218 participants (62% female, 38% male). The statistical reliability was evaluated using the internal consistency coefficient, split half, and test-retest methods. In the Misophonia Questionnaire, misophonia was explained by the following three subscale factors: misophonia symptoms, misophonia emotions and behaviors-avoidance and internalization, and misophonia emotions and behaviors-aggression and externalization. These were used in the exploratory factor analysis. The confirmatory factor analysis found that the fit indexes were within acceptable limits. With the discriminant validity, the participants with clinical misophonia were observed to have a higher mean in all factors than those without. The internal consistency coefficient of the scale was calculated at .89, and for the three subscale factors mentioned earlier were .79, .85, and .83, respectively. The calculated test-retest reliability coefficient was .78, which applied to 75 participants. The split-half reliability coefficient was .83 (for each subscale factor, was .86, .87, and .81, respectively). With this study, the Misophonia Questionnaire, which can be used to evaluate misophonia in the general population, was adapted into Turkish. From the psychometric analysis, data supporting the validity and reliability of the Misophonia Scale were obtained.Item Effects of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions Against COVID-19: A Cross-Country Analysis(2021) Gokmen, Yunus; Baskici, Cigdem; Ercil, Yavuz; 0000-0003-0712-1481; 33819370Prolonging non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) used in the control of pandemics can cause a devastating effect on the overall economic and social welfare levels. Therefore, policymakers are facing a difficult duty in terms of implementing economically and socially sustainable and acceptable measures. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of NPIs implemented to control the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, eight NPI measures were analysed, and their effects on the number of cases were investigated for France, Spain, China, and South Korea. In the study, the treatment effect of these mechanisms on the daily increase rate of the total number of cases during a certain period was analysed by using logarithmic linear regression with a dummy variables model. The findings indicate that the measures are effective against the spread of the pandemic at different levels. The findings also suggest that the most effective measure in decreasing the number of cases is workplace closure. An analysis comparing the effectiveness of countrywide measures and regional measures shows that school closing is the most effective measure to decrease the number of cases when implemented countrywide as opposed to regional implementation.Item An Overview of Deep Learning Algorithms and Their Applications in Neuropsychiatry(2021) Guney, Gokhan; Yigin, Busra Ozgode; Guven, Necdet; Colak, Burcin; Alici, Yasemin Hosgoren; Erzin, Gamze; Saygili, Gorkem; 0000-0003-3384-8131; 33888650Deep learning (DL) algorithms have achieved important successes in data analysis tasks, thanks to their capability of revealing complex patterns in data. With the advance of new sensors, data storage, and processing hardware, DL algorithms start dominating various fields including neuropsychiatry. There are many types of DL algorithms for different data types from survey data to functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Because of limitations in diagnosing, estimating prognosis and treatment response of neuropsychiatric disorders; DL algorithms are becoming promising approaches. In this review, we aim to summarize the most common DL algorithms and their applications in neuropsychiatry and also provide an overview to guide the researchers in choosing the proper DL architecture for their research.Item Conservation Genetics of the European Fallow Deer: A Reply to Marchesini et al.(2021) Baker, Karis H.; Gray, Howard W. I.; Peksen, Cigdem Akin; Hoelzel, A. Rus; 0000-0001-5736-3062In this letter, we revisit a study we published in 2017, following comment in a paper by Marchesini et al. published in this volume. We provide some further analyses that help us to reinforce the original conclusions of our earlier paper, and to address the points raised by Marchesini et al. We conclude that the concerns raised in their review do not alter the inference we presented earlier, and we identify issues with analyses presented by Marchesini et al. that limit their utility. The key points of inference remain that this species in Europe shows remarkably low levels of diversity within populations and strong structure among populations which can be explained by a combination of natural and anthropogenic processes.Item Disease Characteristics of Psoriatic Arthritis Patients May Differ According to Age at Psoriasis Onset: Cross-Sectional Data from the Psoriatic Arthritis-International Database(2021) Bilgin, E.; Aydin, S. Z.; Tinazzi, I.; Bayindir, O.; Kimyon, G.; Ozisler, C.; Dogru, A.; Dalkilic, E.; Aksu, K.; Cetin, G. Yildirim; Yilmaz, S.; Solmaz, D.; Omma, A.; Can, M.; Kucuksahin, O.; Yavuz, S.; Ersozlu, E.D.; Kilic, L.; Tarhan, E.F.; Tufan, M.A.; Akyol, L.; Cinar, M.; Erden, A.; Gonullu, E.; Yildiz, F.; Bakirci, S.; Erbasan, F.; Esmen, S.Ergulu; Kucuk, A.; Tufan, A.; Balkarali, A.; Mercan, R.; Erten, S.; Akar, S.; Kasifoglu, T.; Duruoz, T.; Yazisiz, V.; Kalyoncu, U.; 32662407Objective To explore the impact of early versus late-onset psoriasis (PsO) on the disease characteristics of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in a large-multicentre cohort. Methods The data from a multicentre psoriatic arthritis database was analysed. Patients were grouped according to age at psoriasis onset (early onset; 40 years of age, late-onset; 40 years of age) and disease characteristics of the groups were compared by adjusting for BMI and PsA duration, where necessary. Results At the time of analyses, 1634 patients were recruited [62.8% females; early onset 1108 (67.8%); late-onset, 526 (32.2%)]. The late-onset group was more over-weight [66.8% vs. 86.8%, p<0.001; adjusted for age -aOR 1.55 (1.11-2.20; 95% CI)]. The early onset group had more scalp psoriasis at onset (56.7% vs. 43.0%, p<0.001), whereas extremity lesions were more common in the late-onset group (63.8% vs. 74.2%, p<0.001). Axial disease in males and psoriatic disease family history in females were significantly higher in the early onset group [38.0% vs. 25.4%; p=0.005; adjusted for PsA duration -aOR 1.76 (1.19-2.62; 95% CI) / 39.5% vs. 30.1%; p=0.003; OR 1.51 (1.15-1.99; 95% CI), respectively]. Psoriatic disease activity parameters, patient-physician reported outcomes and HAQ-DI scores were similar in both groups. Conclusion Clinical features of PsA may be affected by the age at onset of PsO. Different genetic backgrounds in early and late-onset PsO may be driving the differences in psoriasis and PsA phenotypes.Item Parathyroidectomy improves cardiovascular risk factors in normocalcemic and hypercalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism(2019) Beysel, Selvihan; Caliskan, Mustafa; Kizilgul, Muhammed; Apaydin, Mahmud; Kan, Seyfullah; Ozbek, Mustafa; Cakal, Erman; 31068134BackgroundParathyroidectomy has ameliorated cardiovascular risk factors in patients with hypercalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), but the effect of parathyroidectomy on normocalcemic PHPT is not exactly known. This case-controlled study aimed to investigate the effect of parathyroidectomy on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with normocalcemic and hypercalcemic PHPT.MethodsSubjects with normocalcemic PHPT (n=35), age- and sex-matched hypercalcemic PHPT (n=60) and age- and sex-matched control (n=60) were included. Cardiometabolic disorders were investigated with traditional cardiometabolic risk factors and the Framingham cardiovascular risk score (CRS) before and 6months after parathyroidectomy.ResultsDiabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, osteoporosis, having fractures were similarly increased in the hypercalcemic and normocalcemic PHPT groups (p>0.05) compared with the controls (p<0.05). Blood pressures, glucose metabolism (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR) and lipid profiles were similarly increased in the PHPT groups (p>0.05) compared with the controls (p<0.05). After parathyroidectomy, blood pressures, serum total cholesterol, and HOMA-IR were decreased in both PHPT groups (p<0.05). CRS was lower in the controls (5.743.24, p<0.05). After parathyroidectomy, CRS was decreased in the normocalcemic (11.98 +/- 10.11 vs. 7.37 +/- 4.48) and hypercalcemic (14.62 +/- 11.06 vs. 8.05 +/- 7.72) PHPT groups. Increased blood pressures were independent predictors of serum iPTH.Conclusion p id=Par4 The normocalcemic and hypercalcemic PHPT groups had similarly increased cardiovascular risk factors, even independently of serum calcium. Parathyroidectomy ameliorated the increased cardiovascular risk factors in both normocalcemic and hypercalcemic PHPT.Item Maternal genetic contribution to pre-pregnancy obesity, gestational weight gain, and gestational diabetes mellitus(2019) Beysel, Selvihan; Eyerci, Nilnur; Ulubay, Mustafa; Caliskan, Mustafa; Kizilgul, Muhammed; Hafizoglu, Merve; Cakal, Erman; 31114636IntroductionPre-pregnancy obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with each other. This is the first study to investigate whether genetic variants were associated with having GDM, and whether genetic variants-related GDM were associated with adiposity including pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive GWG in Turkish women.Patients and methodsWomen with GDM (n=160) and without GDM (n=145) were included in case-controlled study. Genotyping of the HNF1A gene (p.I27L rs1169288, p.98V rs1800574, p.S487N rs2464196), the VDR gene (p.BsmI rs1544410, p.ApaI rs7975232, p.TaqI rs731236, p.FokI rs2228570), and FTO gene (rs9939609) SNPs were performed by using RT-PCR.ResultsThe FTO AA genotype was associated with an increased risk of having GDM (AA vs. AT+TT, 24.4% vs. 12.4%, OR=2.27, 95% CI [1.23-4.19], p=0.007). The HNF1A p.I27L GT/TT genotype was associated with increased GDM risk (GT+TT vs. GG-wild, 79.4% vs. 65.5%, OR=2.02, 95% CI 1.21-3.38], p=0.007). However, all VDR gene SNPs and the HNF1A p.A98V, p.S487N were not associated with having GDM (p>0.05). The FTO AA genotype was associated with an increased risk for pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity (OR=1.43, 95% CI [1.25-3.4], p=0.035), but not associated with excessive GWG after adjusting for pre-pregnancy weight (p>0.05). Pre-pregnancy weight, weight at delivery, and GWG did not differ in both VDR and HNF1A gene carriers (p>0.05). HOMA-IR and HbA1c were increased in both p.I27L TT and FTO AA genotype carriers (p<0.05).ConclusionThe adiposity-related gene FTO is associated with GDM by the effect of FTO on pre-pregnancy obesity. The diabetes-related p.I27L gene is associated with GDM by increasing insulin resistance.