Ticari Bilimler Fakültesi / Faculty of Commercial Science

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11727/2074

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Is crystalloid cardioplegia a strong predictor of intra-operative hemodilution?
(2014) Gunday, Murat; Bingol, Hakan
Introduction: Complications due to hemodilution (hematocrit value less than 22%) after cardiopulmonary bypass inevitably resulted with significantly greater intensive care requirements, long hospital stays, more operative costs, and increased mortality rates. We tried to identify whether crystalloid cardioplegia is the strongest predictor of intraoperative hemodilution or not. Materials and methods: One hundred patients were included into this randomized prospective study. Patients were divided into the two groups. Crystalloid cardioplegia were given to the odd-numbered patients (Group 1, n = 50 patients) and blood cardioplegia were given to the even-numbered patients (Group 2, n = 50 patients). St. Thomas-II solution was used in Group-1 and Calafiore cold blood cardioplegia was in Group-2. Results: Average intraoperative hematocrit value was 18.4% +/- 2.3 in crystalloid group 24.2% +/- 3.4 in blood cardioplegia group (p < 0.001). The lowest hematocrit value was 15% and 20% in two groups respectively (p < 0.001). In crystalloid group average intraoperative packed red blood cell (RBC) transfusion was 2.3 +/- 0.41 units, 0.7 +/- 0.6 units blood cardioplegia group (p = 0.001). Average transfused RBC was 2.7 +/- 0.8 units in crystalloid group, 0.9 +/- 0.4 units blood cardioplegia group (p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses confirmed age (p = 0.005, OR = 3.78), female gender (p = 0.003, OR = 2.91), longer cross-clamp time (>60 minutes) (p = 0.001, OD = 0.97), body surface area <1.6 m(2) (p = 0.001, OR = 6.01) and crystalloid cardioplegia (p < 0.001, OR = 0.19) as predictor of intraoperative hemodilution. Conclusion: Crystalloid cardioplegia, compared to blood cardioplegia not only causes much more intra-operative hemodilution but also increases the blood transfusion requirement. Hemodilution and increased transfusion increases the intensive care unit and hospital stay, in the early postoperative period.
Quality of Life in Panic Disorder: Follow Up Study for 3 Months
(2015) Altintas, Ebru; Uguz, Sukru; Levent, Bekir Aydin
Purpose: Panic Disorder is a common psychiatric condition which is higher risk for substance abuse, suicide attempts and functional disability. It is 2-3 times more common in women and estimated to range from 1,4% to 3,8% of the general population. Studies reported that quality of life in Panic Disorder is negatively affected and overall health (emotional and psyhical health), social activities, risk of unemployment increases. The aim of this study was investigate the affects of quality of life on panic disorder and depression and follow the treatment response after the 3 months. Material and Methods: 22 women and 9 men (total 31) within in age range of 20-73(mean age 40,3 +/- 12,9) diagnosed as Panic Disorder; 27 women and 15 men (total 42) within in age range of 18-57(mean age 33,6 +/- 11,5) diagnosed as Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia; 54 women and 19 men (total 73) within in age 20-69(mean age 38,5 +/- 11,7) diagnosed on Major Depression were included to study. Psychiatric interview were carried out using Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnose(SCID-I), Sociodemographic Data Form, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Scale(HAM-D), Panic and Agoraphobia Scale and Endicott's Work Productivity Scale (EWPS) were applied in 0., 1., 3. months. Results: Quality of life had negatively affected in all of the groups. In this study we found significant impairment in pain, general health, energy, social function, emotional role disability and mental health subgroups of quality of life scale (SF-36) in Depression group than Panic Disorder group. Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia had affected the quality of life worse than comparison with Panic Disorder without Agoraphobia. Conclusion: At the end of the treatment, there were no differences in quality of life between all of the groups statistically.
Bibliometric Profiles of Studies on Organization Theory in Turkey: Periodic Comparison of Cite Networks
(2015) Kirkbesoglu, Erdem; Sozen, H. Cenk; Kurt, Esra; 0000-0002-6781-9753; ABI-3973-2020
The purpose of this study is to determine relational links via documents and to have an impression about the development of organization theory in Turkey by using bibliometric methods. Studies of various researchers have been considered with a longditutional approach.The papers which had been presented in National Management and Organization Congress within 10 years were examined in terms of most cited theories, authors, research topics and academic journals. The data were also used for social network analyses to examine interactions between universities, research topics and authors.The data were examined under two periods consist of five years. Findings show that there is a variation between two periods and work style have been transferred to newly founded universities or PhD programs in these universities.
The Paradox Between Institutional Logics in Organizational Fields: The Case of Turkish Military Service Field
(2015) Kalemci, Rabia Arzu; Gokoglu, Mustafa Mehmet; Tuzun, Ipek Kalemci; 0000-0002-2617-2666; 0000-0001-6979-2040; ABC-2318-2020; ABB-5350-2020
Turkish military services field can be conceptualized for embracing two distinct and inconsistent types of institutional logics, namely; mandatory military service logic as the dominant and pragmatic logics as the alternatives. We examine the relationship between the dominant logic which determines legitimate organizational activities and alternative logics which are activated sporadically in the field of Turkish military services. From this standpoint, the circumstances whereby pragmatic logics as alternative institutional logics become effective in the field without devitalizing the dominant logic is explored. Broadly, the results indicate that dominant and alternative logics can support each other in order to preserve field's static condition, rather than interfere with each other so as to induce a permanent transformation.
Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy with Vinorelbine plus Split-Dose Cisplatin may be an Option in Inoperable Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-Center Experience
(2015) Mertsoylu, Huseyin; Kose, Fatih; Sumbul, Ahmet Taner; Sedef, Ali Murat; Dogan, Ozlem; Besen, Ali Ayberk; Parlak, Cem; Findikcioglu, Alper; Muallaoglu, Sadik; Sezer, Ahmet; Sakalli, Hakan; Ozyilkan, Ozgur; 25731741
Background: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the current standard treatment for inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study we aimed to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of CCRT with split dose of cisplatin (30 mg/m(2)) and vinorelbine (20 mg/m(2)) in patients with inoperable stage III NSCLC followed in our oncology clinic. Material/Methods: Medical records of 97 patients with inoperable stage III NSCLC treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin-vinorelbine were retrospectively analyzed. Cisplatin (30 mg/m(2)) and vinorelbine (20 mg/m(2)) were administered on days 1, 8, 22, and 29 during radiotherapy. Two cycles of consolidation chemotherapy were given. All patient data, including pathological, clinical, radiological, biochemical, and hematological data, were assessed retrospectively using our database system. Results: Our study included 97 unresectable stage III NSCLC patients who were treated with CCRT. Median age was 58 years old (range 39-75) and 87 (89.7%) of the patients were men. ECOG performance score was 0-1 in 93 patients (95.9%). Squamous histology, the most common histology, was diagnosed in 46 patients (47.4%). Median follow-up time was 23.8 months. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and median overall survival time (OS) were 10.3 months and 17.8 months, respectively. Objective response rate and clinical benefit rate were 75.3% and 83.5%, respectively. Distant and local relapse rate were 57.1% and 42.9%, respectively. Hematological and non-hematological grade 3-4 toxicities were seen in 13 (13.4%) and 16 (16.5%) patients, respectively. Six (6.1%) patients died due to toxicity. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that split-dose cisplatin may offer fewer grade III-IV toxicities without sacrificing efficacy and could be an option in patients with inoperable stage III NSCLC during CCRT. Similar to past studies, despite high response rate during CCRT, distant relapse is the major parameter that influences patient survival in long-term in NSCLC.
Analysis of Personal Information Security Behavior and Awareness
(2016) Ogutcu, Gizem; Tastik, Ozlem Muge; Chouseinoglou, Oumout; AAD-2902-2020
Hardware and software security mechanisms are widely used to strengthen information systems (IS) against attacks. However, these systems are still highly vulnerable to threats from users' undesirable behaviors, which are closely related to IS users' information security awareness. This study has been carried out in an effort to investigate the IS users' risky behaviors that may threaten information security. The preventive actions employed by users, the threats they may be exposed to, or whether they had an adverse experience or to what extent they perceive risks have also been investigated. Four scales: Risky Behavior Scale (RBS), Conservative Behavior Scale (CBS), Exposure to Offence Scale (EOS) and Risk Perception Scale (RPS), were developed depending on the data collected with the use of surveys. The scales developed from the content of the survey were applied to students, academics and administrative staff of a university, which also embodies hospitals and educational organizations located in different geographical and socio-economical regions of Turkey. On the base of developed scales, the results of the study show that there are significant differences within samples and according to the habits of Internet usage. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Transformation of Islamic Work Ethic and Social Networks: The Role of Religious Social Embeddedness in Organizational Networks
(2016) Kirkbesoglu, Erdem; Sargut, Ali Selami; 0000-0002-6781-9753; 0000-0002-9337-1673; ABI-3973-2020; U-4137-2018
The aim of this study is to explore the influence of religious beliefs on social or work-related ties of managers who are member of organizational networks representing two different ideologies (religious and secular) in Turkey. In this research, the emergence of secular and devout entrepreneurs is considered as a phenomenon, and special attention is paid to religious transformation and secularism in Turkey. Social network analysis method is used to define the nature of communication links among 80 chairmen who are the members of two conflicting and dominant groups in Turkish business system. The findings show that Protestant work ethic suggested by Weber with regard to Christianity have attained a similar place over the past decade in Islamic organizational networks. The concern of political power in religion leads to organizational networks being nourished by religious norms and creeds in many developing countries. Especially in societies like Turkey where the state is dominant in the business life, organizations and managers prefer to be included in religious networks to make close contacts with the state. Another significant finding is that efforts of the members of religious networks-in spite of their relatively closed characteristics-in terms of being at the center of a network and taking the brokerage role, are highly developed on the contrary to the literature.
Course Selection with AHP & PROMETHEE Methods for Post Graduate Students: An Application in Kirikkale University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences
(2016) Bedir, Neset; Ozder, Emir Huseyin; Eren, Tamer; 0000-0002-1895-8060; AAU-1584-2021
Post Graduate Study has a very important role in people's career planning. Besides, it helps for gaining expertising on their fields. Specializing must be in the right area to reach their targets in line with people's interests. The aim of the study is to propose a model for students that determines which courses will be chosen on master course selection and this model gives an application example. In this study, course selection problem is discussed for post graduate students in Industrial Engineering Department of Kirikkale University. All criteria that are effected for selecting a course are identified by the help of survey then, significance levels are determined with using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) which is a Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method. According to the weights which are determined before in AHP results, six classes weighted by PROMETHEE method in Industrial Engineering Department.
Patterns of Female Entrepreneurial Activities in Turkey
(2017) Tuzun, Ipek Kalemci; Takay, Bahar Araz; 0000-0001-6979-2040; ABB-5350-2020; AAC-8845-2021
Purpose - This study aims to identify and understand the challenges, motivational factors and future needs of female entrepreneurs in Ankara, Turkey. Design/methodology/approach - The study uses the qualitative analysis methodology and uses the qualitative data analysis software, MAXQDA 11. A total of 41 randomly selected female entrepreneurs from the city of Ankara and rural areas of the Ankara region participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews. A total of 284 codes were defined. Findings - Results indicate that female entrepreneurs are mostly intrinsically motivated and are driven by the desire to achieve and to become independent. The socially constructed role of women in Turkey is the primary challenge faced by female entrepreneurs in both urban and rural areas. Moreover, the major future needs identified for female entrepreneurs are support from public institutions and access to managerial consultants. Originality/value - There are limited number of studies that closely examine the characteristics of female entrepreneurship activity and their challenges/motivations in Turkey. This research contributes to the existing literature through its qualitative nature and by highlighting differences in urban and rural female entrepreneurs. Moreover, the results of this study are useful for policy makers to evaluate the future needs of female entrepreneurs and the programs that will be needed to overcome the challenges facing female entrepreneurs in the entrepreneurial process.
Financial Disclosure and the Cost of Equity Capital: The Empirical Test of the Largest Listed Companies of Kazakhstan
(2017) Baimukhamedova, Aizhan; Baimukhamedova, Gulzada; Aimurzinov, Murata; Luchaninova, Albina
Providing information to the public is not a costless task. Among the costs of disclosure are the costs of information production and dissemination; for example, the costs of adopting an information system to collect, process data and report information about the company and the costs of hiring accountants and audits, etc. In this study, a framework for empirical tests of the relation between disclosure and the cost of equity capital is determined. This study extends research into whether disclosure of corporate and financial information is associated with firms' costs of equity capital. Using cost of equity capital estimates derived from capital asset pricing model, we find that firms with higher levels of financial transparency are associated with significantly lower costs of equity capital. Economic theory assumes that by increasing the level of corporate reporting, firms not only increase their stock market liquidity, but also decrease the investors' estimation risk, arising from uncertainty about future returns and payout distributions. The results show that firms on the Kazakhstan market can reduce their cost of equity capital by increasing the level of their voluntary corporate disclosures. Based on the analysis of existing empirical research, the disclosure index for a sample of 37 Kazakh companies has been constructed and regression analysis of the influence of the disclosure index on the cost of equity capital has been conducted. The obtained results show that the received findings correlate with foreign empirical studies, and the disclosure index in this sample has a negative impact on the cost of equity capital.
Deviant Employee Behavior in the Eyes of Colleagues: The Role of Organizational Support and Self-Efficacy
(2017) Tuzun, Ipek Kalemci; Cetin, Fatih; Basim, H. Nejat; 0000-0001-6979-2040; 0000-0002-2487-9553; 0000-0002-2605-9962; ABB-5350-2020; J-8116-2015
The present study investigates the influences of multifocal organizational support in the context of deviant employee behavior by examining the potential associations with employees' self-efficacy characteristics. The study proposes that perceived multifocal support and self-efficacy have a direct relationship with deviant behavior, and that these two variables interact in their relationship with deviant workplace behavior. Using self- and peer-reported data from 225 academics, hypothesized relationships were investigated using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that two different forms of support (organizational and supervisory) strongly influenced two different forms of deviant behavior (organizational and interpersonal). Whereas perceived organizational support decreases organizationally relevant deviant behavior, supervisory support decreases deviant behavior toward colleagues. The results also showed that high self-efficacy moderates both the negative relationship between organizational support and deviant behavior toward the organization and that between supervisory support and deviant behavior toward colleagues. The study also discusses the implications of these findings for managers, along with recommendations for future research.
Arf numerical semigroups
(2017) Karakas, Halil Ibrahim; Ilhan, Sedat; AAY-4394-2021
The aim of this work is to exhibit the relationship between the Arf closure of a numerical semigroup S and its Lipman semigroup L(S). This relationship is then used to give direct proofs of some characterizations of Arf numerical semigroups through their Lipman sequences of semigroups. We also give an algorithmic construction of the Arf closure of a numerical semigroup via its Lipman sequence of semigroups.
Content-Based Search on Time-Series Microarray Databases Using Cluster-Based Fingerprints
(2017) Ozkoc, Esma Erguner; Ogul, Hasan; AAG-1506-2021
Background: The rapid growth of gene expression databases has created a need for content-based searches as an alternative to unstructured database queries using keyword- or metadata-based searches. Content-based searching is the ability to retrieve all experiments with similar gene expression patterns in a database regardless of the biological annotations provided for these experiments. Objective: While this concept is still in its infancy in a general context, in this study we focus on applying it to a specific subset of gene expression datasets, by only querying experiments involving time-series expression profiles. Method: To this end, we propose a novel experiment fingerprinting scheme obtained by clustering expression profiles, for content-based searching of time-series microarray experiments. To determine the retrieval ability of the proposed scheme, we performed a simulated information retrieval task on a large set of microarray experiments gathered from a public repository. The relevance between any two experiments was then defined using their commonalities based on annotated disease associations. Results and Conclusion: The results showed that relevant experiments can be more successfully retrieved using this new method compared with traditional differential expression-based methods.
An Integrated Research for Architecture-Based Energy Management in Sustainable Airports
(2017) Uysal, Murat Pasa; Sogut, M. Ziya; 0000-0002-8349-9403; 0000-0002-9782-7885; GQQ-0222-2022; T-2601-2017
Energy Management (EM) has become crucial and much more complicated for airports with the introduction of various energy sources, technologies and different comfort requirements. Regarding the aviation industry as one of the major sources of global warming and air pollution, this situation becomes highly critical. However, the review of literature on Energy Management Information Systems (EMIS) for airports shows that the proposed solutions are usually domain-specific, platform-depended and away from suggesting complete solutions and architectures. Therefore, the main argument of this study is that a holistic and integrated approach should be adopted for EM in airports and we claim the notion of sustainability through the use of Enterprise Architecture (EA)-based EM. In this paper, we present the results of a two-faced research study. Action Research (AR) and Design Science Research (DSR) methods are combined to adopt an integrated approach. At the first phase, an EA is developed and evaluated, and then, this is followed by the second phase with three cases to find the potential energy savings in Istanbul Airport. Along with the findings, the primary and secondary contributions of this research brought to the EM knowledge domain are presented. Consequently, there is an important potential for energy saving in the terminal buildings, which would be approximately 70% of the total airport energy consumption. There is also a nearly 250.000 $/year potential saving, and also 121397 $/year for the daylight time and period. This research can be seen as an initial attempt to the enhancement of sustainable airports, and therefore, it has showed the potential for using EAs as a means to improve EM in airports. We hope that this study may help researchers to obtain an overview of existing and possible approaches to sustainability through the use of EAs for EM practices. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
An Analysis of The Carrying Capacity And Life Process Risks of UK and Turkish Insurance Intermediaries
(2018) Kirkbesoglu, Erdem; Hood, John; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6781-9753; ABI-3973-2020
The primary aim of this paper is to examine the strategic risks associated with environmental selection and how this affects the life process risks of insurance intermediaries. To achieve this aim; firstly the carrying capacity of UK and Turkish insurance intermediaries is calculated and, secondly, the demographic, ecological and environmental variables that affect that carrying capacity are examined. Our study provides two contributions to the literature. For the first time, carrying capacity analysis is applied for an organisational community. As much as previous studies assume the existence of carrying capacity as theoretical, it has not been previously calculated on a quantitative basis. The second contribution is related to risk and insurance literature, specifically the life process risks of insurance intermediaries. The main rationale behind that analysis is the construction of a map that will simplify the strategic risk and reward decisions of insurers as to which areas are potentially profitable, or are indicative of fruitful relationships with intermediaries. Additionally, this research enables us to identify the areas that have potential for development in terms of insurance. For this reason, uncertainties relating to the selection of authorised brokers/agents as a strategic risk is, perhaps, minimised. Moreover, we have examined whether probable variables that can affect carrying capacity have contextual differences or not. The findings exhibit that there is contextual differentiations concerning the variables that affect the carrying capacity of both countries.
Effects of Laser Photobiomodulation and Ozone Therapy on Palatal Epithelial Wound Healing and Patient Morbidity
(2018) Isler, Sila Cagri; Uraz, Ahu; Guler, Berceste; Ozdemir, Yucel; Cula, Serpil; Cetiner, Deniz; 0000-0003-2440-6884; 30260741; AAU-7742-2021; AAW-6424-2020
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of laser photobiomodulation (PBM) and topical ozone therapy on the reepithelialization of palatal donor site wounds through clinical assessment and computer-aided image analysis and to assess the patient morbidity following free gingival graft (FGG) surgeries. Material and methods: Thirty-six patients requiring FGG were randomly allocated into three groups: laser group (n=12), ozone group (n=12), and control group (n=12). Epithelialization was evaluated by applying 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to the wound area and also measured by using digital image analysis (ImageJ). Bland-Altman plots were used for assessing agreement between H2O2 and ImageJ measurements. Parameters in relation to patient morbidity were assessed by using visual analog scale (VAS) on the first 3, 7, 14, and 30 days postoperatively. Results: At day 14, statistically significant smaller wounds were observed with digital image analysis in the ozone group as compared with the control group (p=0.034). However, intergroup comparison of the remaining wound area evaluated by the clinician using the H2O2 method did not reveal any significant differences (p>0.05). Nonetheless, according to Bland-Altman analysis, the lower and upper limits showed a moderate agreement between the two measurement methods. The mean VAS sores exhibiting postoperative discomfort was observed to be significantly higher in the control group compared with the laser group (p=0.002) and ozone group (p<0.001) at day 7. Conclusions: Adjunctive ozone therapy could have a significantly beneficial effect on the acceleration of palatal wound healing following FGG procedures. Both PBM and ozone treatment modalities reduced postoperative discomfort as compared with spontaneous healing.
Iatrogenic vascular injuries due to spinal surgeries: Endovascular perspective
(2018) Gok, M.; Aydin, E.; Güneyli, S.; Akay, A.; Cinar, C.; Oran, I.; 0000-0003-0907-3647; 28191625; AAI-8276-2021
AIM: Iatrogenic vascular injuries due to spinal surgeries are rare but serious complications. Surgical management of these injuries is challenging with high morbidity rates. In this study we aim to present the results of endovascular management of iatrogenic vascular injuries due to spinal surgeries. MATERIAL and METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 11 patients (5 male, 6 female) who had vascular injuries due to cervical and lumbar spinal surgeries. Clinical findings were bleeding (n=5), leg edema (n=6) and right heart failure with severe dyspnea (n=1). The age range of the patients were between 42-67 (mean: 57.1). Six patients were reviewed with imaging before the procedures and the rest of the patients (n=5) were directly referred to the angiography unit for diagnosis and possible endovascular treatment. RESULTS: The types of surgeries were; cervical surgery (n=5) and lumbar disc operation (n=6). The type of vascular injuries were; vertebral artery stenosis (n=1), vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm (n=3), vertebral artery occlusion (n=1) and iliac arteriovenous fistula (n=6). The type of endovascular treatments were; parent artery occlusion (PAO) (n=2), covered stent graft implantation (n=6) and intrasaccular coil embolization of pseudoaneurysm (n=1). The remaining 2 patients were managed conservatively. No major complications or mortality occured during endovascular interventions. No bleeding or ischemia occured in the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Iatrogenic vascular injuries due to spinal surgeries are rare but serious complications. Endovascular interventions are safe and effective in the diagnosis and treatment of such vascular injuries. © 2017, Turkish Neurosurgical Society.
Parametrizing numerical semigroups with multiplicity up to 5
(2018) Karakas, H.İ.
In this work, we give parametrizations in terms of the Kunz coordinates of numerical semigroups with multiplicity up to 5. We also obtain parametrizations of MED semigroups, symmetric and pseudo-symmetric numerical semigroups with multiplicity up to 5. These parametrizations also lead to formulas for the number of numerical semigroups, the number of MED semigroups and the number of symmetric and pseudo-symmetric numerical semigroups with multiplicity up to 5 and given conductor. © 2018 World Scientific Publishing Company.
Temel istatistik yöntemleri
(2018) Cula, Serpil; Muluk, Zehra
An empirical study in software engineering: the effects of project-based and project-supported methods on product and academic achievements
(2018) Uysal, Murat Pasa
The studies show that many software projects exceed the estimated budget and schedule every year, or they are canceled on account of failure, and thus, this causes the waste of resources expressed in billion dollars. Software engineering education is one of the research areas aiming to produce solutions to this important problem. However, it is seen that there is still a need for large amount of skilled and educated software engineers required for the industry, and this workforce gap is also in an increasing fashion. One of the main reasons is thought to be the traditional or teacher-centered methods that are widely adopted in universities. On the other hand, software product development as well as learning and teaching processes, include a series of activities, which require their applications with a range at different levels. Therefore, the instructional methods should be adopted, which primarily concern the knowledge and skills that need to be acquired by engineering students together with the requirements and attributes of software systems to be developed in courses. Project-Assisted Instruction (PAI) and Project-Based Learning (PBL) can be given as examples for this type of methods. Therefore, in this research, the PBL and PAI methods are used in teaching the Database Management Systems Course, and their effects on academic achievements, product and project performances are explored. It is possible to say that the study has two contributions to the engineering research domain. First, (a) it is a study that compares PAI and PBL in an experimental setting. Second, (b) it presents the guidelines and prescriptions for the application of these methods for the domains of computer and software engineering education based on empirical findings.