Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi / Faculty of Health Sciences
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11727/1402
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Item A scientometric analysis of fairness in health AI literature(Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, 2024-02-19) Alberto, Isabelle Rose I.; Alberto, Nicole Rose I.; Altinel, Yuksel; Blacker, Sarah; Binotti, William Warr; Celi, Leo Anthony; Chua, Tiffany; Fiske, Amelia; Griffin, Molly; Karaca, Gulce; Mokolo, Nkiruka; Naawu, David Kojo N.; Patscheider, Jonathan; Petushkov, Anton; Quion, Justin Michael; Senteio, Charles; Taisbak, Simon; Tirnova, Ismail; Tokashiki, Harumi; Velasquez, Adrian; Yaghy, Antonio; Yap, KeaganArtificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are central components of today's medical environment. The fairness of AI, i.e. the ability of AI to be free from bias, has repeatedly come into question. This study investigates the diversity of members of academia whose scholarship poses questions about the fairness of AI. The articles that combine the topics fairness, artificial intelligence, and medicine were selected from Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Embase using keywords. Eligibility and data extraction from the articles were done manually and cross-checked by another author for accuracy. Articles were selected for further analysis, cleaned, and organized in Microsoft Excel; spatial diagrams were generated using Public Tableau. Additional graphs were generated using Matplotlib and Seaborn. Linear and logistic regressions were conducted using Python to measure the relationship between funding status, number of citations, and the gender demographics of the authorship team. We identified 375 eligible publications, including research and review articles concerning AI and fairness in healthcare. Analysis of the bibliographic data revealed that there is an overrepresentation of authors that are white, male, and are from high-income countries, especially in the roles of first and last author. Additionally, analysis showed that papers whose authors are based in higher-income countries were more likely to be cited more often and published in higher impact journals. These findings highlight the lack of diversity among the authors in the AI fairness community whose work gains the largest readership, potentially compromising the very impartiality that the AI fairness community is working towards.Item Bintrafusp Alfa With CCRT Followed by Bintrafusp Alfa Versus Placebo With CCRT Followed by Durvalumab in Patients With Unresectable Stage III NSCLC: A Phase 2 Randomized Study(Başkent Üniversitesi, 2024-03-06) Vokes, Everett E.; Mornex, Francoise; Sezer, Ahmet; Cheng, Ying; Fang, Jian; Baz, David Vicente; Cil, Timucin; Adjei, Alex A.; Ahn, Myung-Ju; Barlesi, Fabrice; Felip, Enriqueta; Garon, Edward B.; Audhuy, Francois; Ito, Rena; Sato, Masashi; Eggleton, S. Peter; Martin, Claudio Marcelo; Reck, Martin; Robinson, Clifford G; Paz-Ares, LuisIntroduction: Preclinical evaluation of bintrafusp alfa (BA) combined with radiotherapy revealed greater antitumor effects than BA or radiotherapy alone. In a phase 1 study, BA exhibited encouraging clinical activity in patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC who had received previous treatment. Methods: This multicenter, double-blind, controlled phase 2 study (NCT03840902) evaluated the safety and efficacy of BA with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) followed by BA (BA group) versus placebo with cCRT followed by durvalumab (durvalumab group) in patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC. The primary end point was progression -free survival according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 as assessed by the investigator. On the basis of the recommendation of an independent data monitoring committee, the study was discontinued before the maturity of overall survival data (secondary end point). Results: A total of 153 patients were randomized to either BA (n = 75) or durvalumab groups (n = 78). The median progression -free survival was 12.8 months versus 14.6 months (stratified hazard ratio = 1.48 [95% confidence interval: 0.69-3.17]), in the BA and durvalumab groups, respectively. Trends for overall response rate (29.3% versus 32.1%) and disease control rate (66.7% versus 70.5%) were similar between the two groups. Any -grade treatment -emergent adverse events occurred in 94.6% versus 96.1% of patients in the BA versus durvalumab groups, respectively. Bleeding events in the BA group were mostly grade 1 (21.6%) or 2 (9.5%). Conclusions: BA with cCRT followed by BA exhibited no efficacy benefit over placebo with cCRT followed by durvalumab in patients with stage III unresectable NSCLC. (c) 2023 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC -ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Item "Being in the Digital Box". Academic Staff Experiences in Online Practical Teaching: A Qualitative Study From Six Universities and Countries(HELIYON, 2024-03-04) Baskici, Cigdem; Aytar, Aydan; Ersoy, Halil; Wiktsrom-Grotell, Camilla; Arell-Sundberg, Marina; Neves, Hugo; Coutinho, Veronica; Blazeviciene, Aurelija; Vaskelyte, Alina; Soderlund, Anne; Fritz, Johanna; Strods, Raimonds; Jansone-Ratinika, Nora; Kav, SultanThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused radical changes in education, as in everything else, bringing many challenges. Despite all the difficulties, the COVID-19 pandemic has enormous opportunities for online teaching and the use of digital technologies. A comprehensive understanding of this period is needed to investigate these opportunities. Thus, this study aims to explore the academic staff's experiences of online teaching and the use of digital technologies in practical skills -based courses in health care education. This study was conducted at six universities from six countries (Turkiye, Sweden, Finland, Portugal, Latvia, Lithuania). Data were collected between June 17, 2021 and November 30, 2021 via a focus group with an in-depth interview technique. 22 focus group interviews were conducted with a total of 117 participants. Colaizzi's method was used to evaluate the data to discover, comprehend, and define the experiences of academic staff. The analysis of the interview data resulted in 6 themes, 25 subthemes and 56 categories that captured participants' experiences regarding online teaching of practical skills and using digital technologies in health care education. The findings of the study provide crucial information that will help online teaching and digital technology for practical skills be successfully integrated.Item Biomonitoring of Oxidative-Stress-Related Genotoxic Damage in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease(TOXICS, 2024-02-09) Yuzbasioglu, Yucel; Hazar, Merve; Dilsiz, Sevtap Aydin; Yucel, Cigdem; Bulut, Mesudiye; Cetinkaya, Serdar; Erdem, OnurChronic kidney disease (CKD), a common progressive renal failure characterized by the permanent loss of functional nephrons can rapidly progress to end-stage renal disease, which is known to be an irreversible renal failure. In the therapy of ESRD, there are controversial suggestions about the use of regular dialysis, since it is claimed to increase oxidative stress, which may increase mortality in patients. In ESRD, oxidative-stress-related DNA damage is expected to occur, along with increased inflammation. Many factors, including heavy metals, have been suggested to exacerbate the damage in kidneys; therefore, it is important to reveal the relationship between these factors in ESRD patients. There are very few studies showing the role of oxidative-stress-related genotoxic events in the progression of ESRD patients. Within the scope of this study, genotoxic damage was evaluated using the comet assay and 8-OHdG measurement in patients with ESRD who were undergoing hemodialysis. The biochemical changes, the levels of heavy metals (aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury) in the blood, and the oxidative biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated, and their relationship with genotoxic damages was revealed. Genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and heavy-metal levels, except mercury, increased significantly in all renal patients. DNA damage, 8OHdG, and MDA significantly increased, and GSH significantly decreased in patients undergoing dialysis, compared with those not having dialysis. The duration and the severity of disease was positively correlated with increased aluminum levels and moderate positively correlated with increased DNA damage and cadmium levels. In conclusion, this study revealed that the oxidative-stress-related DNA damage, and also the levels of Al and Cd, increased in ESRD patients. It is assumed that these changes may play an important role in the progression of renal damage. Approaches for reducing oxidative-stress-related DNA damage and heavy-metal load in ESRD patients are recommended.Item Anatomy Education at Vocational Schools of Health Sciences(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, 2024-12) Polat, Sema; Sonmez, Elif Ipek; Tunc, Mahmut; Isik, Emir Ibrahim; Ozsahin, Esin; Goker, PinarAnatomy, which has an important role for professionals working in health education, is a medical science that started from early ages and has come to the present day by showing continuous development. The success of people who areed ineducat the field of medicine and health sciences in their professions depends on a sound background in anatomy. For this reason,s aimed it wa to investigate views of first and second year students on the current state of anatomy education. This study was performed ukurvaon C and Baskent University Vocational School of Health Science first and second year students (183 subjects, 45.6 %; and 218 subjects, 54.4 %, respectively) (n=401). The data were obtained by feedback method via a questionnaire with 41 questions. The survey was administered to 401 students. 357 subjects of all students stated that they chose their departments voluntarily. It was determined % thatof the86.0 students participated in the research stated that using many different tools in the lessons positively affected their 88.5 learning,% stated that various presentation techniques provided a better understanding of the anatomy subject, and 86.5 % of the studentswith agreed the idea that what they learned in the lessons would be very useful in their professional lives. Additionally, while 319 participants (79.55 %) gave a score of 5 or more out of 10 points to the question about whether they liked the anatomy course, 82 participants%) (20.45 gave a score of 4 or less. The 71.1 % of the participants thought that the primary purpose of the anatomy course was 'to theunderstand structure of the human body'. 2nd year students rated class duration significantly higher than 1st year students. Opinionstudents of s can be beneficial and provide to improvement of anatomy education and new educational strategies These findings will help theifyingident existing deficiencies and providing solutions.Item Evaluation Of Influenza Management Cost In Turkiye: Case Analysis Of Diagnosis, Medication, And Healthcare Use(VALUE IN HEALTH, 2024-12) Caliskan, Z.; Bitik, B.; Demiroglu, Y. Z.; Aydin, Gayretli Z. G; Torun, Hancerli S.; Pullukcu, H.; Tanriover, Durusu M.; Atikeler, K.; Batur, I.; Dokumaci, M. T.; Koc, E.; Yoruk, O; Kockaya, G.; Tibet, B.; Kurnaz, M.; Kasri, A.; Cansever, M.Item Balance and Gait in Individuals with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy(NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH, 2024) Korkusuz, Suleyman; Seckinogullari, Busra; Yuruk, Zeliha Ozlem; Ulug, Naime; Kibar, Sibel