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Item Should We Accept the HPV Type 66 into a Probable High-Risk Group? The Prevalence, Clinical and Histopathological Evaluation of HPV Type 66 in Gazi University, Ankara(2021) Kazanci, Ferah; Kocak, Aylin Altay; Colak, Meryem; Erdem, Ozlem; Onan, M. Anil; Bozdayi, Gulendam; 0000-0002-0451-0142; AAI-8012-2021Introduction: The prevalence of infection by different genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) varies among different geographic areas. The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence and distribution of HPV66 genotype among women with normal or abnormal Pap smear tests. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care university hospital between January 2017 and February 2018, in central Anatolia of Turkey. This study included 288 women, 66 (%22.9) of whom had HPV DNA positive. HPV DNA screening was done by an automatized system using real time PCR method (Cobas 4800 System, Roche Diagnostics Ltd, Switzerland) and this method distinguishes types 16 and 18, while the other 12 oncogene types are reported as high-risk HPV (HR-HPV: 31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,66,68). For the genotyping of other oncogene types, a commercial real time PCR method (NLM Genotypes 14 Real-TM Quant, NLM Diagnostic, Italy) was used. Results: The most common identified HPV types were HPV16 (%6.3), HPV 56 (%3.8), HPV 18(%3.1), HPV 66 (%3.1), HPV 51 (%2.8), HPV 52(%2.1). HPV type 66 which has admitted recently other-subtypes with their unclear oncogenicity is the third most identified type in our study. In our study 9 (%3.1) women had type 66 and 2 (%0.7) of whom had abnormal Pap smear results. One patient with syphilis whose pap smear test results was ASC-H/HSIL was evaluated by colposcopic examination and LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure) and ECC (Endocervical Curettage) were performed. The result of histopatological report was benign. The other patient whose Pap smear test result was LSIL evaluated by colposcopic examination and found no pathological finding. Conclusion: The frequency of HPV 66 infection was found to be higher in our study compared to previous reports. In 2 patients out of 9 cases (% 2.4) who were detected HPV 66 had normal pap test results.Item Investigation of Group A Rotavirus G10, G12 Genotypes Emerging in Patients with Acute Gastroenteritis in a Tertiary Care Hospital(2021) Kahraman, Hande; Kocak, Aylin Altay; Albakkour, Katren; Muftah, Hager; Dalgic, Buket; Caglar, Kayhan; Ahmed, Kamruddin; Bozdayi, Gulendam; 34666655Rotaviruses are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis with the highest mortality and morbidity rates in children aged 0-5 years. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of rotavirus infection in patients whose stool samples were sent to microbiology laboratory to investigate the etiology of diarrhea, to investigate the rotavirus genotypes that are common in our region and G10, G12 genotypes that have recently become common in the world. Fecal samples of 476 patients aged between 0-92 years who applied between November 2016 and February 2018 were studied via immunochromatographic rapid test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. ELISA positive samples were studied by nested reverse transcriptase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and genotyped by agarose gel electrophoresis. Rotavirus was found positive in 18.3% and 17% of stool samples by immunochromatographic test and ELISA, respectively. All ELISA positive samples were also detected as positive by RT-PCR. 18.5% of female patients and 15.7% of male patients were found to be positive and rotavirus positivity was not statistically significant between genders. The frequency of rotavirus in different age groups was 23.5% (6-12 years), 17.3% (13-24 months) and 16% (25-36 months). It was determined that rotavirus cases were most common in the spring. G1, G2, G3, G4, G9, G10, and G12 were detected in 37%, 7.4%, 16.1%, 6.2%, 9.9%, 2.5%, 26% of the samples, respectively. G12 was the most common genotype after G1. The most common G and P genotype combination was G1P[8] (17.2%). This was followed by G12P[8] (11.11%) and G3P[8] (11.11%). P[8] (53%) was found to be the dominant P genotype. In this study, it was observed that rotavirus, which is the cause of childhood diarrhea, can also be encountered in advanced ages and even new genotypes that infect humans worldwide may also be the causative agents. Therefore, we concluded that it is important to investigate new genotypes such as G10 and G12 in molecular epidemiological studies.Item Investigation of the Rotavirus Genotypes Isolated From Patients With Acute Gastroenteritis and the Increase of G9 Type(2021) Kocak, Aylin AltayIntroduction: Rotavirus (RV) is the most common cause of gastroenteritis in children and is one of the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the genotypes of RV rapid test antigen positive patients between 0-65 years old with acute gastroenteritis attended to a tertiary care hospital in Ankara. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between January 2013 and April 2018 at Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Stool samples were collected from 87 (40 female, 47 male) patients aged between 0-65 years who had gastroenteritis were sent to microbiology laboratory. RV VP-7 amplification was performed using Beg9 and End9 primers and specific primers for G typing G1-G4 and G9. VP-4 amplification was performed using con-2 and con-3 primers. P types were determined by specific primers for P[4], P[6], P[8] and P[9]. Access Quick RT-PCR (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI) was used for VP4 and VP7 gene amplification, and PCR Mastermix (Promega, Madison, WI) was used for genotyping. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the gender of patients with positivity of RV antigen. RV infection was most common in children aged 12-23 months. Antigen positivity was most common in winter and autumn. Genotypes G1 (25.80%), G2 (3.22%), G3 (4.30%), G4 (6.45%), G9 (60.21%) constituted G types. P4 (1.14%), P8 (93.10%), P6 (5.74%) constituted P types. The combination of G and P types was the most prevalent for G9P[8] (56.98%) and G1P[8] (22.58%). Conclusion: It has been observed that G9 and P[8] are common genotypes in cases with RV infection in Ankara as in the whole world. Similar to various studies in Turkey, genotype G9P[8] had the highest ratio in the present study. Therefore, these data should be considered in RV vaccine strategies.Item Investigation of JC Virus Positivity By Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction in Patients with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant(2020) Colak, Meryem; Kocak, Aylin Altay; Kaynar, Lale Aydin; Ozkurt, Zubeyde Nur; Yegin, Zeynep Arzu; Bozdayi, Gulendam; 0000-0002-0451-0142; AAI-8012-2021Introduction: In immunocompromised hosts, JC virus (JCV) can reactivate and cause a lytic infection of oligodendrocytes, resulting in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Bone marrow is an important reservoir and possible site of neurotropic transformation for JCV. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the prevalance of JCV infection by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in patients sent from bone marrow transplant service to the laboratory in our hospital. Materials and Methods: A total of 153 clinical samples obtained from 62 patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplant between December 2013 and April 2018 were included into the study. Viral nucleic acids were extracted from the samples with QIAamp DSP Virus Kit in EZ1 Advanced (Qiagen, Germany) device. Isolated viral DNA was amplified with Real Star (R) JCV PCR Kit in Rotor-GeneQ (Altona, Germany) and JCV DNA was detected with qualitative method. Results: Sixty-two patients, 35 (56.5%) males and 27 (43.5%) females, between 18 years and 71 years of age were included into the study. Total JCV DNA positivity rate was found as 11.1% (17/153). Patients' diagnosis was respectively as follows: 45.2% acute myeloid leukemia, 19.4% acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 9.7% multiple myeloma. 6.4% myeloblastic sendrome, 6.4% non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 6.4% Hodgkin lymphoma, and 6.4% anemia. The distribution of JCV DNA positivity rates was found respectively as 40% acute myeloid leukemia, 30% multiple myeloma, 10% Hodgkin lymphoma, 10% acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 10% Non-hodgkin lymphoma. It was observed that 50% of JCV DNA positive patients died in the follow-up period after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Conclusion: It is not possible to diagnose JCV infections clinically because they are usually asymptomatic. However, up to 90% of those diagnosed with PML die within the first six months receiving a diagnosis. Detection and clinical surveillance JCV DNA by real-time PCR for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients is important for early diagnosis and treatment.