Fakülteler / Faculties
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Item Navigating the Storm: The Impact of Covid-19 on Turkish Exports(2023) Koymen Ozer, Seda; Maggioni, DanielaThe Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on global exports. The outbreak of the virus disrupted supply chains and caused a sharp decrease in demand for goods and services, which resulted in a decline in manufactured exports worldwide. In this study, we investigate the effect of Covid-19 on Turkish manufacturing exports by using a firm-product level dataset at monthly frequency over 2019-2021. In particular, we aim to understand the heterogeneous impact of the pandemic on different types of products in terms of their substitutability, complexity and factor intensity. We also disentangle the diversified repercussions of the shock by taking into consideration the participation of firms in GVCs. Our results suggest that the Covid-19 pandemic has led to a drop in Turkish firms' exports especially in the first 6-months of 2020 and their recovery has only became apparent in the second half of 2021. Also, firms exporting less substitutable, more complex and sophisticated goods, as well as goods with higher-physical and human-capital intensity have experienced a milder drop in their exports after the shock and have recovered faster. Moreover, exporting firms that are more involved in GVCs by sourcing their intermediates abroad have been less resilient as they were more exposed to the risk of supply chain disruptions. This higher risk exposition should be assessed together with their lower resilience associated with the properties of their output (less sophisticated, low human capital intensive and highly substitutable products).Item Assessment of the Direct Medical Costs of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications in Turkey(2014) Malhan, Simten; Oksuz, Ergun; Babineaux, Steven M.; Ertekin, Ali; Palmer, James P.; 0000-0002-5723-5965; K-8238-2012Purpose: To estimate the direct annual medical costs of Type 2 diabetes and its complications in diagnosed patients in Turkey. Material and Method: A cost-of-illness model was developed. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes was derived from the Turkish Diabetes Epidemiology Study, estimated as 13.7% in adults, with one-third of patients previously undiagnosed. Complication costs were extracted from the records of 7095 patients at a Turkish tertiary care hospital in 2009. For each modelled complication, acute phase costs were applied to globally derived incidence rates, and one-year follow-up costs were applied to globally derived prevalence rates. Costs and frequencies of ongoing antihyperglycaemic treatment and disease management were derived from treatment guidelines and Turkish hospital records. Parameter variation was performed. Results: The cost of Type 2 diabetes in diagnosed patients was estimated at between 11.4 to 12.9 billion Turkish Lira, 1% of Gross Domestic Product. Cardiovascular complications comprised the largest share of total medical costs (between 24.3% and 32.6%), followed by renal complicationsrelated costs (between 25% and 28.3%) and concomitant cardiovascular and antihypertensive medication costs (between 14.2% and 16%). Antihyperglycaemic medications and screening costs comprised between 10.9% to 12.3% and between 4.4% to 5% of total costs, respectively. Discussion: Type 2 diabetes is a disease burden and economic burden in Turkey; the complications cost is higher than the cost of disease control. For preventing complications, any activities effect positively limited resources and also quality of life.Item Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Disease Registry Study (A Turkish Oncology Group Trial)(2015) Aykan, Nuri Faruk; Yalcin, Suayib; Turhal, N. Serdar; Ozdogan, Mustafa; Demir, Gokhan; Ozkan, Metin; Yaren, Arzu; Camci, Celalettin; Akbulut, Hakan; Artac, Mehmet; Meydan, Nezih; Uygun, Kazim; Isikdogan, Abdurrahman; Unsal, Diclehan; Ozyilkan, Ozgur; Arican, Ali; Seyrek, Ertugrul; Tekin, Salim Basol; Manavoglu, Osman; Ozet, Ahmet; Elkiran, Tamer; Disci, Rian; 0000-0001-8825-4918; 25835113; AAD-2817-2021Background/Aims: This study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of colorectal cancer in Turkey. Materials and Methods: In this multicenter, prospective, and cross-sectional registry study, data for 968 patients with colorectal cancer from 21 centers in 7 geographic regions were analyzed. Results: Diagnosis was colon cancer in 662 (68.4%) and rectum cancer in 306 (31.6%) patients. In total, 60.9% of patients was male; mean age was 58.9 +/- 12.6 years. Among patients, 15.0% was drinking alcohol, 17.5% was smoking, 1.5% had familial history of polyposis, 15.0% had diabetes mellitus, 1.0% had inflammatory bowel disease. Fruit and vegetable consumption was low (<3 times/week) in 35.5% and red meat consumption was high (>= 3 times/week) in 47.4% of the patients. Median time-to diagnosis was 3.0 months and 4.0 months for patients with colon and rectum cancer, respectively. Mean body mass index was >25 in all group of patients. Distal rectum (61.3%) and sigmoid colon (36.8%) were the most common locations of cancer, for rectum and colon respectively. In total, 85.6% of patients were operated; 25.8% had emergency surgery. Low anterior resection rate was 64.2% in rectum cancer. In majority (89.8%) of the patients with rectum cancer who received preoperative treatment, conventional chemo-radiotherapy regimen was given. pTNM staging at diagnosis showed that stage III and IV patients were in majority (35.9% and 29.7%, respectively). Conclusion: Colon cancer is more frequent than rectum cancer in Turkey. Colorectal cancer patients are diagnosed at later stages. Most of the cases were operated. Interregional differences for risk factors are worthwhile for evaluation in future trials.Item Do Exports Explain Industrial Agglomeration and Regional Disparities in Turkey?(2014) Akkemik, K. Ali; Goksal, Koray; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5461-4759; J-6093-2014; JJF-7910-2023Along with an increasing integration with global goods and services markets, regional centres of industrial development have emerged in Turkey. Global linkages may play an important role in regional disparities in a developing country like Turkey through the determination of the locations of industries. This paper examines to what extent global linkages, operationalised by export performance, impact on agglomeration economies and regional disparities in industrial production and industrial employment in Turkey. To this end, using province-level industrial data, panel regressions are run to analyse the determinants of disparities and agglomeration in terms of industrial value added and employment by adding the size of exports as an explanatory variable. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Item The Reliability of Cameriere's Method in Turkish Children: A Preliminary Report(2015) Gulsahi, A.; Tirali, R. Ebru; Cehreli, S. Burcak; De Luca, S.; Ferrante, L.; Cameriere, R.; 0000-0001-6487-3984; 25704458; AAD-2907-2020Dental age estimation in children is an important issue both legally and medically. Currently, however, there is a lack of contemporary dental age estimation standards for a Turkish population. This study assessed the accuracy of Cameriere's method by examining the panoramic radiographs of 573 healthy Turkish children between the ages of 8 and 15 years. Radiographs of the left permanent developing mandibular teeth, except wisdom teeth, were evaluated. All subjects were divided into 7 groups according to their chronological age. The Intra-class Correlation Coefficient was used to determine the intra-and inter-observer agreement error. A comparison of the distributions of estimation errors among age groups was performed using the Nemenyi test. There were no significant differences between inter-observer (p = 0.352), and intra-observer readings after 2 weeks (p = 0.275 and p = 0.273, respectively). The dental age was underestimated when using Cameriere's method with a mean difference of -0.35 years (-0.24 years for girls and -0.47 years for boys). The median values of the differences between dental and chronological age were -0.44 years in boys (range: -3.70, 4.06) and -0.21 years in girls (range: -2.74, 3.29). In addition, the differences between dental and chronological ages in the different age groups decreased with increasing chronological age. Results from the Nemenyi test implied that Cameriere's method is more accurate for girls than for boys in this cohort of a Turkish population. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Item A Model of A Heterodox Exchange Rate Based Stabilization(2015) Aytac, OzlemThis paper attempts to explain the ERBS syndrome in Turkey by appeal to weak credibility cum sticky prices. By developing a model specifically for the 2000-2001 heterodox ERBS program in Turkey, I also depart from the existing literature which has focused almost exclusively in Latin America. What I aimed in this model is to generate the macroeconomic dynamics observed after the implementation of the program in Turkey. In order to assess the model's quantitative performance; it is calibrated by using data restrictions mainly from the Turkish economy. In addition to replicate the general qualitative effects of a currency peg, the model can successfully account quantitatively for the responses of consumption and current account balance and real exchange rate observed in Turkey. The closeness of the predicted consumption boom in the model and the actual boom in Turkey is particularly remarkable: 10.08% predicted increase in total consumption spending vs. 9.6% actual. And 37.06% predicted increase in durables spending vs. 39.5% actual. Overall, results indicate that sticky price model can explain the ERBS syndrome in Turkey to a great extend under the assumption that disinflation program is perceived by the public as non-credible. (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item Psychic Distance Between Turkey and Central Asian Turkish Republics(2014) Sumer, Selay Ilgaz; Uner, M. MithatPsychic distance has an important role in selecting the country markets and determining the suitable strategies for these markets. This study was conducted to examine the import and export activities between Turkey and Central Asian Turkish Republics and to undertand the psychic distance between these countries and Turkey. As a result of the investigation it was found that Azerbaijan is the closest and Turkmenistan is the farthest country to Turkey. It is believed that the study will contribute to the literature of the Turkish World by examining the commercial activities between Turkey and related countries from the perspective of psychic distance.Item Dental Students' Ability to Assess Their Performance in a Preclinical Restorative Course: Comparison of Students' and Faculty Members' Assessments(2015) Tuncer, Duygu; Arhun, Neslihan; Yamanel, Kivanc; Celik, Cigdem; Dayangac, Berrin; 0000-0002-5936-0196; 26034030; R-2536-2019; AAA-1576-2021Dental education consists of both theoretical and practical learning for students to develop competence in treating patients clinically. When dental students encounter practical courses in their first year as a new educational experience, they must also learn to evaluate themselves. Self-evaluation is an essential skill to learn for dental professionals to keep increasing their competence over the course of their careers. The aim of this study was to compare the assessment scores of second- and third-year dental students and the faculty in two consecutive preclinical practical exams in restorative dentistry courses in a dental school in Turkey. Faculty- and student-assigned scores were calculated from two consecutive preclinical examinations on tooth restorations performed on both artificial casts and phantom patients. The students were formally instructed on grading procedures for tooth preparations, base and restoration placement, and polishing criteria. After each step, each item was assessed by faculty members, the student, and another student. The results indicated that the initial differences between second-year students' assessments of their own preclinical practical ability and that of the faculty decreased among the third-year students. Self-evaluation scores did not indicate whether the third-year students tended to over- or underestimate the quality of their own work. However, the second-year students not only overestimated themselves but thought they were above average. The results point to the need to develop students' self-insight with more exercises and practical training.Item What Have Health Care Reforms Achieved in Turkey? An Appraisal of the "Health Transformation Programme"(2015) Okem, Zeynep Guldem; Cakar, Mehmet; 26183890Poor health status indicators, low quality care, inequity in the access to health services and inefficiency due to fragmented health financing and provision have long been problems in Turkey's health system. To address these problems a radical reform process known as the Health Transformation Programme (HTP) was initiated in 2003. The health sector reforms in Turkey are considered to have been among the most successful of middle-income countries undergoing reform. Numerous articles have been published that review these reforms in terms of, variously, financial sustainability, efficiency, equity and quality. Evidence suggests that Turkey has indeed made significant progress, yet these achievements are uneven among its regions, and their long-term financial sustainability is unresolved due to structural problems in employment. As yet, there is no comprehensive evidence-based analysis of how far the stated reform objectives have been achieved. This article reviews the empirical evidence regarding the outcomes of the HTP during 10 years of its implementation. Strengthening the strategic purchasing function of the Social Security Institution (SSI) should be a priority. Overall performance can be improved by linking resource allocation to provider performance. More emphasis on prevention rather than treatment, with an effective referral chain, can also bring better outcomes, greater efficiency gains and contribute to sustainability. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Tracking Public Relations History in 1960s' Turkey: The Prevalence and Reflections of Development Discourse(2014) Hizal, G. Senem Gencturk; Ozdemir, B. Pinar; Yamanoglu, Melike Aktas; AAF-7990-2020; AAF-6167-2020; AAF-7990-2020This study is based on a historical research, which focuses on the institutionalization of public relations in Turkey during the 1960s, and interprets this process in the frame of planned development discourse. Primary written sources collected from archive research and oral narratives generated from fourteen semi-structured interviews conducted with the pioneers in Turkey are analyzed through categorization and thematization. Findings of the historical research indicated that similar themes and orientations guided public relations practices in public and private sector in this period. Accordingly public relations education provided necessary intellectual background and human resources. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.