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    Electrocardiography Interpretation Training in Emergency Medicine: Methods, Resources, Competency Assessment, and National Standardization
    (2015) Ozel, Betul Akbuga; Demircan, Ahmet; Keles, Ayfer; Bildik, Fikret; Ozel, Deniz; Ergin, Mehmet; Gunaydin, Gul Pamukcu
    Objective(s). The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of electrocardiography (ECG) training in emergency medicine residency programs in Turkey, and the attitude of the program representatives towards standardization of such training. Methods. This investigation was planned as a cross-sectional study. An 18-item questionnaire was distributed to directors of residency programs. Responses were evaluated using SPSS (v.16.0), and analyzed using the chi-square test. Results. Thirty-nine program directors (out of 42) responded to the questionnaire. Twenty-eight of them stated they did not have a formal ECG training curriculum. The most preferred ECG education method was clinical education in the Emergency Department; the most common education resource was ECG textbooks; and the most common evaluation method was case scenarios. Only thirteen of the programs had an obligation to prove competency. The most common competency-assessment method was obtaining a passing grade based on an instructor's observation. The majority of program directors are of the opinion that there should be a formal ECG teaching curriculum, and that a national ECG training program and national ECG database should be formed. Conclusions. The majority of programs do not have a formal ECG interpretation curriculum, which is an obligation to prove competency. As a result, their training methods, resources, and assessment tools were determined to be subjective.
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    Electrocardiographic Variables Associated With Underlying Brugada Syndrome Or Drug-Induced Type 1 Brugada Pattern In Patients With Slow/Fast Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia
    (2022) Hasdemir, Can; Sahin, Hatice; Duran, Gulten; Orman, Mehmet N.; Kocabas, Umut; Payzin, Serdar; Aydin, Mehmet; Antzelevitch, Charles; 35936048; GXG-7709-2022
    Background: The coexistence of clinical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and drug-induced type 1 Brugada pattern (DI-Type 1 BrP) has been previously reported. The present study was designed to determine the 12-lead ECG characteristics at baseline and during AVNRT and to identify a subset of 12-lead ECG variables of benefit associated with underlying Brugada syndrome (BrS)/DI-Type 1 BrP among patients with slow/fast AVNRT. Methods: A total of 40 (11 numerical/29 categorical) 12-lead ECG parameters were analyzed and compared between patients with (n = 69) and without (n = 104) BrS/DI-Type1-BrP matched for age, female gender, body mass index, left ventricular ejection fraction and comorbid conditions. Five distinct types of ECG pattern (Type A/B/C/D/E) in V1-V2 leads during AVNRT were defined. Results: A total of nine electrocardiographic variables, four at baseline, and five during AVNRT were identified. At baseline, patients with BrS/DI-Type 1 BrP had higher prevalence of interatrial block, leftward shift of frontal plane QRS axis, the absence of normal QRS pattern (the presence of rSr' pattern or type 2/3 Brugada pattern) in V1-V2 and QRS fragmentation in inferior leads compared to patients without BrS/DI-Type 1 BrP. During AVNRT, patients with BrS/DI-Type 1 BrP had higher prevalence of Type A ECG pattern ("coved-type" ST-segment elevation) in V1-V2, Type C ECG pattern (pseudo-r' deflection in V-1 and "RBBB-like" pattern in V-2), pseudo-r' deflection in V-1, QRS fragmentation in inferior leads and "isolated" QRS fragmentation/notching/slurring in aVL compared to patients without BrS/DI-Type 1 BrP. Conclusions: We identify several electrocardiographic variables that point to an underlying type 1 BrP among patients with slow/fast AVNRT.