Fakülteler / Faculties
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Item Transience and the Modern Turkish Interior(2023) Hasirci, Deniz; Ultav, Zeynep Tuna; Sumnu, Umut; AAC-5579-2020Despite the expansion of research in modern interiors around the world and a more inclusive dialogue with regards to geography, ultimately, the field is still lacking theory and methods derived from its own specific needs rather than being adapted from architectural research, and a focus on its transient nature that is likely to lead to more impactful research and preservation results. Modern Turkish interiors research have also expanded greatly with individual, as well as projects or research groups like docomomo_tr interiors and DATUMM (Documenting and Archiving Modern Turkish Furniture) that create awareness through various forms of scholarly (documentaries, archival work) and popular (public exhibitions, popular books and magazines, newspaper pieces, and films) interiors research and several struggles are common worldwide, socio-cultural and economic reasons result in a faster pace in Turkey, creating an urgency to implement innovative methods and approaches fitting contemporary prerequisites of the field.Item The Power Bases in Multiplayer Video Games(2023) Omerbas, Ali CagilThis study deals with how players employ different power relations while playing videogames. Power is a difficult concept to define but it is usually explained with the ability to influence. Social psychologists John French and Bertram Raven's studies have defined five bases for social influence: coercive (based on punishment), referent (based on affection), reward (based on reward), expert (based on expertise) and legitimate (based on agreed regulations) powers. Many other studies have tested their theory in various fields, and it proved to be a lasting one. Researchers conducted studies in areas such as education, business, sports with this theory and obtained meaningful results. However, the power bases of video game players has never been studied, despite the fact that video game studies has already been established as an academic field -with many scholars discussing empowerment through games. This study focuses on measuring the power of a player over another one. There can be two types of such relations: it can either take place among players in an everybody-for-themselves kind of environment - which is called inter-power relations, or it can take place between the members of a team, working together for a common goal. This is called intra power relations. This study demonstrates that expert and reward powers are preferred in inter and intra-power relations, referent being another valid option for teamwork.Item Intelligent Optimization Under the Makespan Constraint: Rapid Evaluation Mechanisms Based on the Critical Machine for the Distributed Flowshop Group Scheduling Problem(2023) Wang, Yuhang; Han, Yuyan; Wang, Yuting; Tasgetiren, M. Fatih; Li, Junqing; Gao, KaizhouIn the flowshop scheduling literature, the insertion-based neighborhood search method is often considered to obtain high-quality solutions. It will lead to expending extensive computational effort when evaluating the objective function. Rapid evaluation methods based on Taillard's acceleration can reduce the time complexity of function evaluation. However, existing rapid evaluation methods cannot be applied directly to the distributed flowshop group scheduling problem (DFGSP), especially to minimize the total tardiness time objective. Thus, we first proposed two theorems and their proofs based on the critical machine. Then, two rapid evaluation methods based on these theorems are proposed to accelerate the evaluation of the objective. Considering the multiple coupled sub-problems in the DFGSP, we proposed a cooperative iterated greedy algorithm (CIG) combining two rapid evaluation methods, in which intergroup and intra-group neighborhood search strategies are proposed to enhance the search depth and breadth. Comprehensive statistical experiments show that computational effort is extensively decreased in the calculation of total tardiness time, and the CIG algorithm significantly outperforms the eight compared algorithms.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item The Influence of Different Sugammadex Doses on Neural Tube Development in Early-Stage Chick Embryos(2023) Ayhan, Asude; Efe, Ekin; Fidan, Pinar A.; Efe, Oguzhan E.; Ates, Eylem Gul; Sahinturk, Fikret; Ayhan, Selim; 0000-0002-6166-2601; 0000-0001-6955-9839; 0000-0002-3243-7843; 0000-0003-3047-0305; 0000-0002-0471-3177; 37565787; HGE-9282-2022; AAJ-2057-2021; AAJ-4728-2021; W-7908-2019; ABG-5365-2020; AAI-7972-2021Background: Sugammadex is a modified gamma-cyclodextrin that has been developed with the goal of reversing the steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of different sugammadex doses on embryologic and neural tube development in an early-stage chick embryo model. Methods: A total of 100 specific pathogen-free, fertilized domestic chicken eggs were randomly divided into five groups (n = 20, each), and placed in an automatic cycle incubator. The eggs in the "control (C)" group were incubated without administration of any drug till the end of the experiment. Subblastodermic administration of 0.9% NaCl as vehicle control (VC) and different doses of sugammadex solutions prepared with the latter [2 mg/mL (LD), 4 mg/mL (MD), 16 mg/mL (HD)] were performed at 30 hr of incubation. All embryos were removed from the eggs at 72 hr when they were expected to reach Hamburger-Hamilton (HH) stages 19-20, then they were fixed, and evaluated histo-morphologically. Results: Embryonic development was not observed in 11 eggs (1 in C, 1 in VC; 3 in LD, 3 in MD, and 3 in HD). All the developed embryos were compatible with the HH stages 19-20. A neural tube closure defect was detected in one embryo in the HD group. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of embryonic and neural tube developments. Conclusions: No significant association was found between the drug and adverse outcomes; however, a trend with dosing was seen. Further studies are required before conclude on safety and extrapolate these results to human beings.Item Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined with Simultaneous Thermal Ablation for Solitary Hepatocellular Carcinomas in Regions with a High Risk of Recurrence(2023) Ozen, Ozgur; Boyvat, Fatih; Zeydanli, Tolga; Kesim, Cagri; Karakaya, Emre; Haberal, Mehmet; 0000-0001-7122-4130; 37455470; JVO-4809-2024; AAD-5996-2021; AAD-5466-2021; F-4230-2011; AAN-1681-2021Objectives: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization combined with percutaneous thermal ablation (radiofrequency or microwave ablation) in the treatment of solitary hepatocellular carcinoma tumors ranging from 2 to 4.5 cm at subdiaphragmatic, subcapsular, or perivascular locations. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients (12 men, mean [range] age of 66.6 +/- 10.88 [34-75] y) who received transarterial chemoembolization combined with simultaneous percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (n = 5) or microwave ablation (n = 10) for hepatocellular carcinoma in regions with high risk of recurrence (subdiaphragmatic, subcapsular, or perivascular) between 2012 and 2018 were evaluated. We retrospectively investigated tumor diameter and localization, success rate, safety, local efficacy (imaging at month 1 after treatment), local tumor response (3 months posttreatment), local tumor progression, intrahepatic distant recurrence, overall survival and complications. Results: Tumor diameter ranged from 20 to 45 mm (mean 31.7 +/- 7.37 mm). Hepatocellular carcinoma diameter was 2 to 3 cm in 7 patients and 3.1 to 4.5 cm in 8 patients. The technical success rate was 100%, with no life-threatening complications. At enhanced imaging at 1-month follow-up, the complete necrosis rate was 100%; at 3 months, 100% of patients had a complete response. During a mean follow-up of 26 +/- 13.6 months, 7 patients (46.7%) had tumor progression. Three patients (20%) had local tumor response, and 4 patients (26.7 %) experienced distant recurrences in the untreated liver. The mean local tumor progression and mean intrahepatic distance recurrence times were 11 months and 29.5 months, respectively. Overall survival rates were 100% at 1 year, 73% at 3 years, and 47% at 5 years. Conclusions: Transarterial chemoembolization combined with simultaneous percutaneous thermal ablation is safe, feasible, and effective in enhancing the local control rate for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma ranging from 2 to 4.5 cm in regions with high risk of recurrence.Item Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors Associated Renal Adverse Event Prediction(2023) Guven, Alper Tuna; Ozdede, Murat; Sener, Yusuf Ziya; Yildirim, Ali Osman; Altintop, Sabri Engin; Yesilyurt, Berkay; Uyaroglu, Oguz Abdullah; Tanriover, Mine Durusu; 0000-0002-6310-4240; 37217407Background: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) are commonly used medications. Renal adverse events associated with RAASi are hyperkalemia and acute kidney injury. We aimed to evaluate the performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms in order to define event associated features and predict RAASi associated renal adverse events.Materials and Methods: Data of patients recruited from five internal medicine and cardiology outpatient clinics were evaluated retrospectively. Clinical, laboratory, and medication data were acquired via electronic medical records. Dataset balancing and feature selection for machine learning algorithms were performed. Random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), naive Bayes (NB), extreme gradient boosting (xGB), support vector machine (SVM), neural network (NN), and logistic regression (LR) were used to create a prediction model.Results: 409 patients were included, and 50 renal adverse events occurred. The most important features predicting the renal adverse events were the index K and glucose levels, as well as having uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Thiazides reduced RAASi associated hyperkalemia. kNN, RF, xGB and NN algorithms have the highest and similar AUC (> 98%), recall (> 94%), specifity (> 97%), precision (> 92%), accuracy (> 96%) and F1 statistics (> 94%) performance metrics for prediction.Conclusion: RAASi associated renal adverse events can be predicted prior to medication initiation by machine learning algorithms. Further prospective studies with large patient numbers are needed to create scoring systems as well as for their validation.Item The Influence of Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation Techniques on Recompression in Patients with Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures. Percutaneous Vertebroplasty versus Balloon Kyphoplasty(2023) Sahinturk, Fikret; Sonmez, Erkin; Ayhan, Selim; Gulsen, Salih; Yilmaz, Cem; 0000-0002-5693-3542; 0000-0002-2353-8044; 0000-0002-0471-3177; 37257650; AAJ-5746-2021; AAI-8820-2021; AAK-2948-2021; AAI-7972-2021-OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and balloon kyphoplasty (BK) have any mid-term to long-term effects on the structural integrity of augmented vertebrae.-METHODS: According to our hospital records, 351 patients underwent BK and PVP as a result of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures between 2010 and 2020. The demographic, surgical, and radiologic characteristics of the patients were analyzed retrospectively using the electronic hospital records and PACS (picture archiving and communication system). In our study, 55 patients who had a single level of PVP or BK filled with at least 6 mL og polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) for T11-L5 levels and 3 mL of PMMA for T6-T10 levels via a bipedicular approach and who had only 1 vertebral fracture in a 10-year follow-up period were included in our study. The patients were divided into 2 groups: BK (n = 40) and PVP (n = 15). All measurements were performed on standing lateral radiographs from the postoperative first day and the last radiographs that were obtained during the follow-up. The anterior and posterior heights of the fractured vertebral body and local kyphosis angles were measured.-RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 2.53 & PLUSMN; 1.78 years in the BK group and 3.07 & PLUSMN; 2.02 years in the PVP group. The decrease in the vertebral height and increasing kyphosis that develop from the early to late postoperative periods were found to be statistically significant in the BK group (P < 0.05). In the PVP group, vertebral height and kyphosis angle measurements did not differ significantly between the early and late postoperative periods. In addition, in terms of the percentage change, anterior parts of the vertebral bodies are more affected. However, the absolute difference for the measurement of the vertebral heights did not confirm this finding.-CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, our study is unique because it has the longest follow-up in the literature comparing BK and PVP in terms of recollapse of the augmented vertebrae. Our study shows that BK does not prevent height loss of the augmented vertebral bodies in the mid-to long term.Item A Theoretical Discussion on The Scope and The Dimensions of Activist Public Relations(2023) Akcay, EbruThe concept of activist public relations challenging corporate public relations, which regards activist publics as the obstacles to an organization's effectiveness, brings up the activist function of public relations for discussion. The conceptualization of activist public relations asserts that public relations is used to oppose the corporate public relations contending that activist publics are obstacles for organizations and must be managed. This study aims to set forth the dimensions of activist public relations by introducing the studies claiming not only organizations (non-governmental organizations and corporations) but also activist publics and public figures, who are not members of any organization, use public relations tactics. The study proposes a categorization for the scope and dimensions of activist public relations. This categorization focuses on whether the activist publics are organized within an organization or not, and asserts that activist public relations has two dimensions: an 'organizational dimension' and 'societal dimension'. According to this categorization, organizational activism and the public relations practices of NGOs should be categorized under the 'organizational dimension' while Internet activism and the public relations practices of public figures should be categorized under the 'social dimension' of activist public relations.Item Anti-Tyrosinase and Antimelanogenic Effect of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives from Prunus Mahaleb L.: Phenolic Composition, Isolation, Identification And Inhibitory Activity(2023) Guven, Zuhal Bayrakceken; Saracoglu, Iclal; Nagatsu, Akito; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Basaran, A. Ahmet; 36924865; AAI-6606-2021Ethnopharmacological relevance: The traditional use of Prunus species against skin diseases and especially for skin lightning cosmeceutical purposes is widespread in many cultures. Prunus mahaleb L. is a well known food plant and used in the baking industry for flavoring. The fruit kernels (endocarp) are used in India for hyperpigmentation. Aim of the study: To investigate the chemical composition with the antimelanogenesis effect of P. mahaleb seed and kernel extracts and isolated compounds. Materials and methods: Isolation studies performed from the methanol extracts obtained from kernels and structures were determined using NMR and MS analysis. Antimelanogenesis effect was determined by mushroom tyrosinase assay, cellular tyrosinase assay and melanin content assay using B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Results: Five cinnamic acid derivatives were isolated and their structures (2-O-& beta;-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxyhydrocinnamic acid (1), cis-melilotoside (2), dihydromelilotoside (3), trans-melilotoside (4), 2-O-& beta;-glucosyloxy4-methoxy trans-cinnamic acid (5)) were elucidated using advanced spectroscopic methods. Mushroom tyrosinase enzyme inhibition of extracts, fractions and pure compounds obtained from P. mahaleb kernels were investigated and structure-activity relationship revealed. According to a detailed, comprehensive and validated LC-MS/MS technique analysis, vanilic acid (41.407 mg/g), protocatechuic acid (8.992 mg/g) and ferulic acid (4.962 mg/g) in the kernel ethylacetate fraction; quinic acid (14.183 mg/g), fumaric acid (8.349 mg/g) and aconitic acid (5.574 mg/g) were found as major phenolic compounds in the water fraction. The correlation of trace element copper content in extracts and fractions with mushroom enzyme activity was determined. By examining the enzyme kinetics of the compounds with effective cinnamic acid derivatives, inhibition types and enzyme binding constants Ki were calculated. Compounds 1,3 and 5 exhibited high noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitory activity against L-tyrosine substrates, with IC50 values of 0.22, 0.31 and 0.37 mM respectively. In addition compounds 1, 3 and 5 showed dose-dependent inhibitory effects on intracellular tyrosinase and melanin levels in & alpha;-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (& alpha;-MSH)-induced B16F10 melanoma cells. Conclusions: Potent tyrosinase inhibitory compounds and extracts of P. mahaleb kernels suggest that it could be a new, non-toxic and inexpensive resource for the cosmeceutical industry and in skin diseases associated with hyperpigmentation.Item Long-Term Results of Kidney Transplantation in Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever(2023) Bitik, Berivan; Hatipoglu, Bugra; Sayin, Burak; Kanbur, Aysenur Yalcintas; Bursa, Nurbanu; Oygur, Cagdas Sahap; Ozdemir, Handan; Colak, Turan; Haberal, Mehmet; Yucel, Ahmet Eftal; 0000-0001-5803-915X; 0000-0002-7528-3557; 0000-0002-3462-7632; 0000-0002-0168-2993; 36544375; AAI-9195-2021; X-8540-2019; AAJ-8097-2021IntroductionLong-term kidney transplantation (KT) results in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)-related amyloidosis are not well studied. This study reviewed the long-term survival outcomes of FMF patients who underwent KT. MethodsWe compared the outcomes of 31 patients who underwent (KT) for biopsy-proven amyloidosis secondary to FMF with 31 control patients (five with diabetes mellitus and 26 with nondiabetic kidney disease) undergoing KT between 1994 and 2021 at Baskent University Hospital. All data were recorded retrospectively from patients' files. Results: The median age (quartile deviationQD) at the time of KT in the FMF and control group were 31 (6.7) and 33 (11), respectively. The median follow-up period (QD) after KT was 108 (57) months in the FMF and 132 (72) months in the control group. In the FMF group, graft and patient survivals were 71% and 84% at 5 years and 45% and 48% at 10 years, respectively. In the control group, graft and patient survivals were 79% and 100% at 5 years and 63% and 71% at 10 years, respectively. Patient survival in the FMF group at 5 years was significantly lower than in the control group (p = .045). There was no statistically significant difference between the FMF and control groups in terms of graft and patient survival, and serum creatinine levels at 10 years. All patients were given triple immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone. Three patients received anakinra and one received canakinumab in addition to colchicine treatment. One FMF patient also underwent heart transplantation due to AA amyloidosis. Of the FMF patients, 11 died during follow-up. ConclusionWe have found that the long-term outcome of KT in patients with FMF amyloidosis is numerically worse but not statistically different from the control group. However, short- and long-term complications still need to be resolved.