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Item Sıçan kornea epitel defekti iyileşme modelinde topikal insülin tedavisinin etkinliğinin incelenmesi ve topikal hiyalüronat tedavisi ile etkinliğinin karşılaştırılması(Başkent Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, 2024) Tortumlu, Gökhan; Dursun Altınörs, DilekKornea epitel defektleri oftalmoloji pratiğinde sıkça karşılaşılan önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Çalışmamızda kornea epitel defekti modeli oluşturulmuş deney sıçanlarında topikal insülinin kornea epitel defekti iyileşmesi üzerine etkilerinin suni göz yaşı ve kontrol grupları karşılaştırılarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada Sprague Dawley cinsi 28 erişkin erkek sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlar rastgele seçilen 4 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubu olarak epitel defekti oluşturulmayan grup alındı. Grup A’ya tedavisiz takip edilen epitel defekti grubu alındı. Grup B’yi topikal % 0.15 sodyum hiyalüronat tedavisi verilen epitel defekti oluşturulmuş sıçanlar alındı. Grup C’ye ise topikal insülin tedavisi verilen epitel defekti oluşturulmuş sıçanlar alındı. Epitel defekt grubu sıçanlarına sedasyon altında topikal anestezi sağlandıktan sonra 2 mm çapında, kornea santralinde epitel defekti oluşturuldu. Bütün sıçanların 4. saat, 12. saat, 1. Gün, 2. Gün ve 3.gün biyomikroskopik muayenesi yapıldı. Epitel defekti boyutu her muayenede florasein boyama yapılarak fotoğraflandı ve alan hesabı yapılarak defekt kapanma yüzdesi hesaplandı. 10.günde anestezi altında kornea dokuları tam kat eksize edildikten sonra sıçanlar servikal dislokasyon ile sakrifiye edildi ve histopatolojik inceleme yapıldı. Biyomikroskopik olarak epitel defekti kapanma hızları karşılaştırıldığında topikal insülin ve sodyum hiyalüronat tedavi grupları tedavisiz iyileşen gruba göre daha hızlı epitel defekti kapanması göstermiştir. Ancak topikal insülin ve sodyum hiyalüronat gruplarında epitel defekti kapanma hızı açısından iki grup arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark izlenmemiştir. Histopatolojik olarak incelendiğinde ise kornea hasarı sonrasında iyileştirici etkisi denenen gruplar karşılaştırıldığında; ince yapı düzeyinde topikal insülin grubunun yüzey epitelinin yeniden yapılanma sürecinin daha hızlı olduğu görülmüştür. Bu yenilenme sürecini izleyen ikinci grup topikal sodyum hiyalüronat grubu olarak belirlenmiştir. Yüzey epiteldeki en yavaş yenilenme tedavisiz izlenen epitel defekti grubunda izlenmiştir.Sonuç olarak, topikal insülin tedavisinin kornea epiteli iyileşmesinde biyomikroskopik olarak fark izlenmemiş olsa da sodyum hiyaluinat’a göre histopatolojik olarak daha etkin olduğu gösterilmiştir. Corneal epithelial defects are a commonly encountered issue in ophthalmology practice. Our study aims to examine the effects of topical insulin on the healing of corneal epithelial defects on experimental corneal epithelial defect model in rats and comparing them with artificial tears and control groups. In the study, 28 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. The control group consisted of rats with no epithelial defect. Group A comprised rats with untreated epithelial defects. Group B included rats with epithelial defects treated with topical 0.15% sodium hyaluronate. Group C consisted of rats with epithelial defects treated with topical insulin. After providing topical anesthesia to the rats in the epithelial defect groups under sedation, a 2 mm diameter epithelial defect was created at the central cornea. Biomicroscopic examinations were performed on all mice at the 4th hour, 12th hour, 1st day, 2nd day, and 3rd day. The size of the epithelial defect was photographed at each examination after fluorescein staining, and the percentage of defect closure was calculated. On the 10th day, after excising the corneal tissues under anesthesia, rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and histopathological examination was conducted. When comparing the rates of corneal epithelial defect closure biomicroscopically, the topical insulin and sodium hyaluronate treatment groups showed faster closure compared to the untreated healing group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of epithelial defect closure between the topical insulin and sodium hyaluronate groups. Histopathologically, when the healing effects of the tested groups were compared, it was observed that at the fine structural level, the topical insulin group had a faster surface epithelial remodeling process. The second group following this renewal process was the topical sodium hyaluronate group. The slowest renewal in surface epithelium was observed in the untreated epithelial defect group. In conclusion, although no biomicroscopic difference was observed in corneal epithelial healing with topical insulin treatment compared to sodium hyaluronate, it has been demonstrated to be more effective histopathologically.Item Tek merkezli on iki yıllık mide poliplerinin retrospektif analizi(Başkent Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, 2024) İbrahim, Mihuna; Suna, NuretdinAmaç: Gastrik polipler genellikle özofagogastroduodenoskopide (ÖGD) tesadüfen saptanan üst gastrointestinal sistemin asemptomatik lezyonlarıdır. Çoğunlukla benign lezyonlardır. Bu çalışma gastrik poliplerin histopatolojik özellikleri belirlenmesi ve bu özellikleri ile hastaların demografik ve klinik özellikleri arasında olası ilişkilerin analiz edilmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Gereç ve yöntem: Başkent Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Gastroenteroloji Anabilim Dalı Endoskopi Ünitesinde 12 yıllık dönemde (2012-2023 yılları arasında) ÖGD yapılan hastaların verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Gastrik polip saptanan 1804 hastanın yaşı, cinsiyeti, ÖGD endikasyonları, sigara ve alkol kullanım alışkanlığı, proton pompa inhibitör ilaç (PPİ) ve non-steroidal inflamatuar ilaç (NSAİİ) kullanımı, ailede mide kanser öyküsü, kolorektal polip/karsinom öyküsü, Helikobakter pylori (H.pylori), metaplazisi ve atrofik gastrit varlığı, ve saptananan mide poliplerinin yeri, sayısı, boyutları, ve histopatolojik inceleme sonuçları değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Bu çalışma kapsamında ÖGD yapılan 54404 hasta incelendi. Dışlama kriterlerine göre toplam 14073 hasta çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Çalışma kriterlerine uygun 40331 hastanın 1804’ünde (%4,4) gastrik polip saptandı. Hastaların %69,7’si (n=1257) kadın, %30,3’ü (n=547) erkek olup yaş ortalaması 60,77±14,10 (18-98) yıldı. En sık sırasıyla dispepsi (%28,7), tarama (%21,4) ve demir eksikliği anemisi (%17) endikasyonlarıyla ÖGD yapıldı. Gastrik poliplerinin en sık yerleşim yeri korpus (%43,1, n=778) olup ortalama çapı 6,28±5,60 mm olarak saptandı. Görülme sıklığına göre sırası ile fundik gland polip [FGP (%61)], hiperplastik polip [HP (%30,7)], nöroendokrin tümör [NET (%2,3)], adenomatöz polip [AP (%1,8)], ksanthom (%1,2) ve mide adenokarsinom (%0,9) saptandı. Poliplerin 37’sinde (%2,1) displazi saptandı. FGP oranı kadınlarda daha yüksek iken HP polip oranı erkeklerde yüksek bulundu (p<0,001). Yaşı ≥45 olan hastalarda HP oranı daha fazla saptandı (p<0,001). PPİ kullananlarda FGP diğer poliplere göre istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulundu (p<0,001). H. pylori pozitif hastalarda diğer poliplere göre HP oranı daha fazla saptandı (p<0,001). Atrofik gastrit ve intestinal metaplazisi bulunanlarda bulunmayan hastalara göre HP oranı daha yüksek saptandı (Sırasıyla, p<0,01 ve p<0,001). Sonuç: Çalışmamızdaki gastrik polip prevalansı, literatürde açıklanan oranlarla benzerdir. PPİ kullanan hastalar ile FGP’ler arasında bulunan korelasyona karşın, H. pylori ve prekanseröz lezyonlar olan intestinal metaplazi ve mide atrofisi ile HP’ler arasında korelasyonu vardı. Bu nedenle, HP saptanan hastalarda polip çevresindeki mukozadan yeterli biyopsi alınması önemlidir.Aim: Gastric polyps are asymptomatic lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract that are usually detected incidentally during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). They are mostly benign lesions. This study was carried out to determine the histopathological features of gastric polyps and to analyze possible relationships between these features and the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. Material and Method: Data of patients who underwent EGD in the Endoscopy Unit of Başkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, during a 12-year period (between 2012 and 2023) were reviewed retrospectively. 1804 patients diagnosed with gastric polyps were analyzed. Age, gender, EGD indications, smoking and alcohol use habits, proton pump inhibitor drug (PPI) and non-steroidal inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, family history of stomach cancer, colorectal polyp/carcinoma history, Helicobacter pylori ( H.pylori), presence of metaplasia and atrophic gastritis, location, number, size and histopathological examination results of the detected gastric polyps were evaluated. Results: Within the scope of this study, 54,404 patients who underwent EGD were examined. A total of 14,073 patients were excluded from the study according to the exclusion criteria. Gastric polyps were detected in 1804 (4.4%) of 40,331 patients who met the study criteria. 69.7% (n=1257) of the patients were female, 30.3% (n=547) were male, and the average age was 60.77±14.10 (18-98) years. EGD was performed most frequently for dyspepsia (28.7%), screening (21.4%) and iron deficiency anemia (17%) indications, respectively. The most common location of gastric polyps was the corpus (43.1%, n=778) and the average diameter was 6.28±5.60 mm. According to the frequency of occurrence, 61% fundic gland polyp (FGP), 30.7% hyperplastic polyp (HP), 2.3% neuroendocrine tumor (NET), 1.8% adenomatous polyp (AP), 1.2% xanthoma and 0.9% gastric adenocarcinoma was detected as a result of this study. Dysplasia was detected in 37 (2.1%) of the polyps. While the FGPs were found more commonly in women, HPs were found more commonly in men (p<0.001). The number of HPs was found to be statistically significantly higher in patients aged ≥45 years (p<0.001). FGP was detected significantly more frequently in PPI users than other polyp types (p<0.001). HP was found to be higher in H. pylori positive patients compared to other polyps (p<0.001). HP rate was found to be higher in patients with atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia than in patients without (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of gastric polyp in our study is similar to the rates reported in the literature. A correlation was found between H. pylori positivity and HPs, FGP and PPI use, as well as HPs and precancerous lesions like intestinal metaplasia and gastric atrophy. Therefore, it is important to take adequate biopsies from the mucosa around the polyp in patients with HP.Item Farmasötik mikrobiyoloji uygulamaları(2025) Abbasoğlu, UfukItem İletişimin Özneleri(Başkent Üniversitesi Geliştirme Vakfı İktisadi İşletmesi, 2025-06) Erdem, Beste Nigar; Akcan, Burçe; Çağlıyan, Çağdaş Emrah; Akçay, Ebru; Temizer, Eylem; Canlı, Kübra; Ünal Çınar,Reyhan; Ay, Semra; Dikkol Akçay, Selver; Bal, Sevil; Kına, Sezer A.; Özcan, S. YankıItem Risk Assessment and Selection of Plant Protection Products to be Used in Integrated Pest Management Programmes(JOURNAL OF TEKIRDAG AGRICULTURE FACULTY-TEKIRDAG ZIRAAT FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2024-05-01) Erdogan, CemIn Turkiye, it is important to carry out agricultural production in a sustainable manner by protecting biodiversity. Our country's agricultural sector has various problems in production, some of which have become chronic. There are many problems affecting agricultural production and productivity such as decreasing arable agricultural areas, increasing food demand, young generation moving away from agriculture, input costs, rural development, prevalence of small family farming and consequently fragmented land structure and climate change. One of the reasons affecting productivity in production is diseases, pests and weeds in agricultural production. The way of sustainable agricultural production by protecting biological diversity is through the implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). In Integrated Pest Management, it is essential to use all control methods against agricultural pests in harmony, and biological, biotechnical and cultural measures are prioritised. As a last resort, the application of Plant Protection Products (PPPs) is desired. For this reason, the PPS to be used should not be harmful to human health, should not cause environmental pollution, should not adversely affect parasitoids, predators, pollinators and should not cause residues in the products. In other words, it is essential that the application of PPPs should not be carried out randomly and unconsciously, but in a sustainable manner based on reason, science, knowledge and in a way that will help the conservation of biological diversity. In the selection of PPPs to be used in Integrated Pest Management, risk assessments are made by considering the effects of active substances on mammals, fish, non-target organisms (parasitoids, predators) and honey bees and their persistence in soil in order to reveal the risks that may occur in terms of human and environmental health, and priority is given to PPPs such as biologics and insect growth regulators. As a result of the risk assessment studies carried out, a total of 734 PPPs, including 495 active substances, 204 mixtures, 13 biological preparations, 21 biological control agents and 1 safener, were examined and the appropriate ones were presented to the service of our producers and our country's agriculture in the integrated control technical instructions.Item Construction of the Atmosphere in Vahîd Mahtûmî's Shehrengiz Named Lâlezâr (Yenişehr-i Fenâr)(FOLKLOR/EDEBIYAT-FOLKLORE/LITERATURE, 2024-05-31) Aytac, AsliShehrengiz can be defined as a poetic genre that presents the beauties of a neighborhood, who are famous in various arts and professions, with the elements of social life and local beauties of that neighborhood, with vivid descriptions and colorful praises. Shehrengiz texts have an important place in terms of not only recording the famous tradesmen, but also shedding light on the socio-cultural structure of the period they belong to, containing information about social and economic life, and reflecting features of daily spoken language. When evaluated together with the poet's style, shehrengiz works should be considered as socio-cultural keys that involve many clues in the context of the structure of the society and the historical texture of the place or places in question. In Turkish literature, the shehrengiz type, which was mostly written in masnavi verse, began giving examples at the beginning of the 16th century and continued until the late 18th century. The text, which is the subject of the study, is the L & aacute;lez & aacute;r (Yeni ehr-i Fen & aacute;r) shehrengiz consisting of 524 couplets, in which Vah & icirc;d Maht & ucirc;m & icirc;, one of the 18th century poets, describes the characteristics of the city of Yeni ehir, which is located in the borders of Greece today. Based on the text written in the form of masnavi , the places where the poet gave place to his description and the atmosphere created from these places were evaluated and the literary features of the expression were emphasized. The aim of the study is to illuminate the image of the city in the period and to reveal the effects of the places whose atmosphere is reflected on the mood of the people and social life by reading the characteristics of the places mentioned from the style of Maht & ucirc;m & icirc;, who successfully reflected the folk language and daily life conditions into poetry in the 18th century.Item Peer Support In Mental Health Services: Familiar And Brand New(KLINIK PSIKIYATRI DERGISI-TURKISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY, 2024-06-23) Ozden, Seda Attepe; Bekiroglu, Seval; Soygur, Arif HaldunIn recent years, it is widely accepted that the experiences of individuals who benefit from mental health services are reflected in the treatment and rehabilitation process in the field of mental health. Transferring the experiences of individuals to the treatment process has put the concept of peer support at the forefront. Peer support means that individuals with personal experience in mental health use this experiential expertise to help other individuals with mental health problems during the recovery process. Peer support is a system that allows individuals with mental health problems to partner, feel understood by each other, and build emotional intimacy. It is known that peer support contributes in a positive direction to both those who provide peer support and those who benefit from this support Peer support is handled in a wide framework ranging from individual friendship relations to employment of support service providers in institutions. In many countries, peer support practices are used as a component of mental health services. It is recommended to use peer support during treatment throughout the world. This article discusses the birth, definition, types and contributions that the concept of peer support can make to the healing process.Item Machine Learning-Based Weather Prediction With Radiosonde Observations(JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE OF GAZI UNIVERSITY, 2024-07-16) Gogen, Eralp; Guney, SeldaFrom the past to the present, weather forecasting holds significant importance for humanity. The precise execution of weather forecasting enables the implementation of precautions against natural disasters such as floods, tsunamis, etc., thereby minimizing the adverse effects that may arise. In this study, weather prediction is conducted using Radiosonde data. Within this prediction, estimations for both the highest and lowest temperatures are made employing machine learning algorithms. Unlike previous temperature prediction studies in the literature, a three-year dataset of Radiosonde observations is utilized. This dataset, measured at intervals of 1mbar up to an altitude of 40 km from the ground, allows for a more accurate modeling of the atmosphere compared to other studies in the literature. In this model, predictions for the highest and lowest temperatures for the next day are made. In this stage, the effects of normalization, feature extraction, or selection on the results are analyzed, and the most suitable model for prediction is determined. The software, implemented in the MATLAB environment, compares different regression methods. As a result of these analyses, utilizing the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) method, the highest temperature prediction for the next day is achieved with the highest accuracy, with a mean square root deviation of 1.2. Using the same method, the lowest temperature prediction is made with a mean square root deviation ratio of 2.4. The results indicate more successful temperature predictions compared to studies in the literature.Item Optimization Of Drilling Process Parameters For Additive Manufacturing Parts Produced Using The Fdm Method(JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE OF GAZI UNIVERSITY, 2024-09-15) Zorer, Ezgi Selen; Ayhan, Emre; Yurdakul, Mustafa; Ic, Yusuf TanselThe melt deposition modeling method (FDM) is one of the increasingly widespread additive manufacturing methods, known as 3D printing, based on the layered assembly of material filaments. However, it is seen that the parts produced with FDM in the aviation industry do not have the desired dimensional and geometric tolerance values. For this reason, different manufacturing methods are used to bring the parts produced by the FDM method to the desired tolerance values. In this study, experiments were carried out to improve the tolerance values of the holes on the plates made of polycarbonate material, which is widely used in prototyping and production tools (welding, drilling, fixing) with FDM, and the optimum processing parameters were determined using the integrated design of experiment and TOPSIS methods. According to the obtained results, the optimum drilling parameters for the plate without pre-drilling case could be obtained by selecting HSS as the drill material, using cutting fluid, and setting the feed rate to 390.9091 mm/min and the spindle speed to 1000 rpm. For the pre-drilled plate, the optimum drilling parameters were again obtained by selecting the drill material HSS, using cutting fluid and applying the feed rate to 369.6970 mm/min and the spindle speed to 781.8182 rpm.Item Analyzing Ahmet Umit's Bir Ask Masalı Through Campbell's Monomyth Theory(FOLKLOR/EDEBIYAT-FOLKLORE/LITERATURE, 2024-11-26) Gulveren, Ozlem BayFairy tales, which have survived from generation to generation in oral culture and have been reintroduced with the transition to written culture, continue to hold their place and importance in contemporary literature. Today's writers create modern narratives, which we can call literary fairy tales- though definitions may vary-, by utilizing the form and content characteristics of fairy tales and the possibilities they offer. In this text-immanent study, I examined Ahmet Omit's work Bir A & scedil;k Masal & imath; as an example of contemporary narratives, due to its inclusion of elements of fairy tales and mythology, within the framework of Joseph Campbell's Monomyth Theory, which he outlined in his work The Hero with a Thousand Faces and can be summarized under the headings of "Departure-Initiation-Return". In the article, I first provided brief information about fairy tales, traditional folk tales, and literary fairy tales, and then attempted to summarize Campbell's Monomyth Theory in connection with Jung's concept of "archetype". In the analysis section, I evaluated the content of the tale under the headings of "Departure", "Initiation", and "Return" respectively. As a result of my examination, I found that the enchanting narrative created by Ahmet Omit aligns with the main headings of Campbell's Monomyth Theory but does not fully meet some subheadings and shifts others to different stages of the cycle. In the modern tale I examined, I find it noteworthy that the cycle Campbell presented is not completed, and the heroes fail to achieve any subheading of the return stage. The author chose to make each of the heroes, who embarked on a journey in search of true love and completed the initial stages of the cycle, fail in the final stages for the same reason. The characters who have not managed to detach themselves from their egos cannot be expected to "become heroes." It would not be inaccurate to assert that the author has created anti-heroes, divergent from the conventional heroes found in traditional fairy tales. In this modern tale, the story of traditional fairy tale heroes who return home with the ultimate reward after maturing has been replaced by the story of heroes who, moving in the opposite direction, succumb to their ambitions and will never return home.