Comparison of Intima-media Thickness of the Common Carotid Artery in Dialysis and Kidney Transplant Recipient Patients

Abstract

Objectives: Cardiovascular events are a major cause of mortality and morbidity of chronic renal failure causing 40% to 50% of all deaths in these patients. The intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery is used to predict atherosclerosis. To assess the effect of early renal transplant on the vascular atherosclerosis, we compared the common carotid intima-media thickness between dialysis and transplant patients.

Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 75 kidney transplant recipients and 75 dialysis patients were assessed in a subspecialized renal and urethral diseases center from April 2008 to March 2010. Demographic characteristics, smoking history, and information on comorbid and kidney diseases were recorded through a checklist. The common carotid intima-media thickness was measured using ultrasonography. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to find any correlation between duration of dialysis and intima-media thickness.

Results: In all, 79 patients (53%) were male. The mean age (SD) of dialysis and transplant patients was 55 ± 11 and 51 ± 15 years. The 2 groups had no statistically significant sex or age differences (P > .05). Considering all patients, 54 (36%) had a history of hypertension, 30 (20%) had a history of diabetes mellitus, 15 (10%) had a history of hyperlipidemia, and 41 (27.3%) had a history of smoking. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups when these variables were considered (P > .05). The mean thickness of the common carotid intima-media was 1.2 mm (0.35 mm) in the dialysis patients, which was higher compared with 0.73 mm (0.18 mm) in the transplanted group (P < .001). There was a significant correlation between duration of dialysis and intima-media thickness (P < .001, r=0.882) in the dialysis group.

Conclusions: Common carotid intima-media thickness in dialysis patients is significantly higher compared with kidney transplant recipients. Carotid intima-media thickness increases by prolongation of dialysis duration.