TR-Dizin İndeksli Açık & Kapalı Erişimli Yayınlar
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/11727/10755
Browse
49 results
Search Results
Item The Use of Fundus Autofluorescence in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration(2021) Keskek, Nadime Sahinoglu; Sermet, Figen; 0000-0001-8544-103X; 34187152; T-4258-2017Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) has been a well-known imaging method for quite some time. However, with developing technologies and novel imaging devices, FAF is being used more often to diagnose and monitor retinal diseases. The density of lipofuscin (LF) and other fluorophores in the retina have a determining role in FAF images. In dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), hyperautofluorescence is seen in cases of increasing LF in the retina pigment epithelium, whereas hypoautofluorescence is detected in decreasing LF resulting from geographic atrophy. In recent years, studies have shown that FAF images provide prognostic information in patients with AMD. This review aims to highlight the importance of FAF imaging in dry AMD.Item Vestibular Illusions and Alterations in Aerospace Environment(2021) Demir, Abdurrahman Engin; Aydin, Erdinc; 0000-0001-6864-7378; 34386801; AAJ-2379-2021As the aerospace industry has grown rapidly over the years, aviators and astronauts have been exposed to some abnormal physiological changes arising from the dynamics of the aerospace environment. The vestibular system, encoding linear and angular movements of the head, is one of the main affected systems in which those abnormal changes can occur during flight. Despite the intricate and solid organization, vestibular units are such delicate structures that they can easily be deceived by aerial dynamics and gravity changes. Therefore, it is of vital importance for the continuity of flight safety to be aware of the detrimental alterations and impairments regarding the vestibular system and its reflex pathways. The aim of this paper was to present a review about how a healthy vestibular system is negatively affected within the aerospace environment and how some vestibular disorders become exaggerated or impaired during aviation and space activities.Item New perspectives by imaging modalities for an old illness: Rheumatic mitral stenosis(2020) Oz, Tugba Kemaloglu; Tok, Ozge Ozden; Sade, Leyla Elif; 0000-0003-3737-8595; 32120357; AAQ-7583-2021Mitral stenosis (MS) is a progressive and devastating disease and most often occurs among young women. Given its considerable prevalence in Mediterranean and Eastern European countries according to the Euro Heart Survey, new imaging modalities are warranted to improve the management of patients with this condition. A wide spectrum of abnormalities occurs involving all parts of this complex structure and causing different grades of MS and/or regurgitation as a consequence of rheumatic affection. Novel imaging modalities significantly improved the assessment of several aspects of this rheumatic destructive process including the morphological alterations of the mitral valve (MV) apparatus, left atrial (LA) function, LA appendage, right and left ventricular (LV) functions, and complications, namely, atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic events. Furthermore, new imaging modalities improved the prediction of outcome of patients who underwent percutaneous balloon mitral comissurotomy and changed the paradigm of patient selection for intervention and risk stratification. The present review aimed to summarize the role of new multimodality, multiparametric imaging approaches to assess the morphological characteristics of the rheumatic MS and its associated complications, and to guide patient management.Item Radiological approaches to COVID-19 pneumonia(2020) Akcay, Sule; Ozlu, Tevfik; Yilmaz, Aydin; 0000-0002-8360-6459; 32299200; AAB-5175-2021COVID-19 pneumonia has high mortality rates. The symptoms are undiagnostic, the results of viral nucleic acid detection method (PCR) can delay, so that chest computerized tomography is often key diagnostic test in patients with possible COVID-19 pneumonia. In this review, we discussed the main radiological findings of this infection.Item Emerging and reemerging respiratory viral infections up to Covid-19(2020) Celik, Ilhami; Saatci, Esma; Eyuboglu, Fusun Oner; 32293833; AAR-4338-2020Infectious diseases remain as the significant causes of human and animal morbidity and mortality, leading to extensive outbreaks and epidemics. Acute respiratory viral diseases claim over 4 million deaths and cause millions of hospitalizations in developing countries every year. Emerging viruses, especially the RNA viruses, are more pathogenic since most people have no herd immunity. The RNA viruses can adapt to the rapidly changing global and local environment due to the high error rate of their polymerases that replicate their genomes. Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is determined as an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan. Herein we discuss emerging and reemerging respiratory viral infections till to SARS-CoV-2.Item Evaluation of Treatment Applications and Antibiotic Resistance Rates for Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Turkey and a Review of the Literature(2020) Eroglu, Askin; Alasehir, Elcin AkdumanObjective: Increased extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production is associated with higher rates of community-acquired strains in urinary tract infections (UTI) leading to an increase in the resistance rates, duration of treatment and costs. We aimed to investigate the resistance rates of ESBL-positive urine culture strains in our clinic, reviewed the literature and analysed antibiotics used in UTI treatment in outpatients in Turkiye. Materials and Methods: 2913 patients who were admitted to the outpatient clinics of Maltepe University Faculty of Medicine and Baskent University Faculty of Medicine were evaluated retrospectively. Data on prescribed antibiotics in outpatients with the diagnosis of UTI from all cities of Turkiye were collected through the Turkish Ministry of Health, Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency. Results: Out of 563 ESBL-positive (19.3%) urine culture isolates, 450 (79.9%) were Escherichia coli and 89 (15.8%) were Klebsiella sp. Resistance rates were as follows: 98.8% to cefuroxime, 67.6% to ciprofloxacin, 12.5% to fosfomycin, 8.7% to amikacin, 1.4% to meropenem and 15% to nitrofurantoin. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were ciprofloxacin (22.25%), fosfomycin (21.10%) and nitrofurantoin (12.82%). Conclusion: Our study suggests that the antibiotic resistance rates of most antibiotics prescribed for UTI in Turkiye are above the suggested rate of 10-20% to be used as empirical therapy. Updating and dissemination of guidelines for UTI in the light of antibiotic prescribing and resistance surveillance studies will contribute to the rational use of antibiotics in Turkiye.Item Turkish Thoracic Society Experts Consensus Report: Recommendations for Pulmonary Function Tests During and After COVID 19 Pandemic(2020) Gemicioglu, Bilun; Borekci, Sermin; Dilektasli, Asli Gorek; Ulubay, Gaye; Azap, Ozlem; Saryal, Sevgi; 0000-0002-3171-8926; 0000-0003-2478-9985; 32584237; AAK-4089-2021; AAB-5064-2021The recommendation of conducting pulmonary function tests (PFTs) from different societies during and after the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was rated by the experts of the Turkish Thoracic Society (TTS) and presented as the TTS experts consensus report. Information about the topic has been provided. Globally, as of mid-May 2020, there have been over 4.4 million confirmed cases of COVID-19. There are two main routes of transmission of COVID-19: respiratory droplets and contact transmission. PFTs are non-invasive tests that are commonly performed in routine assessment and follow-up of patients in the pulmonology units. However, PFTs may generate aerosols and require sharing common surfaces. With regard to the high prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the community, PFTs should not be performed routinely in confirmed or suspected patients with COVID-19 during the pandemic. Because of the risk of human-to-human transmission of COVID-19, PFTs should be restricted to a small patient population with selected indications. Triage for COVID-19 should be performed prior to testing. Only essential PFTs such as spirometry, diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO), arterial blood gas analysis, or pulse oximetry should be performed in the selected cases. Tests should be scheduled to allow sufficient time for donning and doffing of the technical personnel with the full personal protective equipment (PPE) (gown, a filtering respirator mask, goggles or full-face shield, and disposable gloves), ventilation of the room, and application of post-test cleaning and disinfection procedures of the equipment and the testing room.Item What We Learned about COVID-19 So Far? Notes from Underground(2020) Esendagli, Dorina; 0000-0002-6619-2952; 32584236; ABF-9398-2020The novel coronavirus pandemic poses a major global threat to public health. Our knowledge concerning every aspect of COVID-19 is evolving rapidly, given the increasing data from all over the world. In this narrative review, the Turkish Thoracic Society Early Career Taskforce members aimed to provide a summary on recent literature regarding epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of COVID-19. Studies revealed that the genetic sequence of the novel coronavirus showed significant identity to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor is an important target of the SARS-CoV-2 while entering an organism. Smokers were more likely to develop the disease and have a higher risk for ICU admission. The mean incubation period was 6.4 days, whereas asymptomatic transmission was reported up to 25 days after infection. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms, and cardiovascular diseases and hypertension were reported to be the most common comorbidities among patients. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic and mild disease to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Several patients showed typical symptoms and radiological changes with negative RT-PCR but positive IgG and IgM antibodies. Although radiological findings may vary, bilateral, peripherally distributed, ground-glass opacities were typical of COVID-19. Poor prognosis was associated with older age, higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and high D-dimer level. Chloroquine was found to be effective in reducing viral replication in vitro. Likewise, protease inhibitors, including lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir, and nucleoside analogue remdesivir were proposed to be the potential drug candidates in COVID-19 management. Despite these efforts, we still have much to learn regarding the transmission, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19.Item Unclear Issues Regarding COVID-19(2020) Esendagli, Dorina; 0000-0002-6619-2952; 32612430; ABF-9398-2020Scientists from all over the world have been intensively working to discover different aspects of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since the first cluster of cases was reported in China. Herein, we aimed to investigate unclear issues related to transmission and pathogenesis of disease as well as accuracy of diagnostic tests and treatment modalities. A literature search on PubMed, Ovid, and EMBASE databases was conducted, and articles pertinent to identified search terms were extracted. A snow-ball search strategy was followed in order to retrieve additional relevant articles. It was reported that viral spread may occur during the asymptomatic phase of infection, and viral load was suggested to be a useful marker to assess disease severity. In contrast to immune response against viral infections, cytotoxic T lymphocytes decline in SARS-CoV-2 infection, which can be partially explained by direct invasion of T lymphocytes or apoptosis activated by SARS-CoV-2. Dysregulation of the urokinase pathway, cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein by FXa and FIIa, and consumption coagulopathy were the proposed mechanisms of the coagulation dysfunction in COVID-19. False-negative rates of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction varied between 3% and 41% across studies. The probability of the positive test was proposed to decrease with the number of days past from symptom onset. Safety issues related to infection spread limit the use of high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in hypoxic patients. Further studies are required to elucidate the challenging issues, thus enhancing the management of COVID-19 patients.Item A brief history of artificial intelligence and robotic surgery in orthopedics & traumatology and future expectations(2020) Beyaz, Salih; 0000-0002-5788-5116; 32962606; K-8820-2019Recently. the rate of the production and renewal of information makes it almost impossible to be updated. It is quite difficult to process and interpret large amounts of data by human beings. Unlimited memory capacities. learning abilities, artificial intelligence (AI) applications, and robotic surgery techniques cause orthopedic surgeons to be concerned about losing their jobs. The idea of AI. which was first introduced in 1956. has evolved over time by revealing deep learning and evolutionary plexus that can mimic the human neuron cell. Image processing is the leading improvement in developed algorithms. Theoretically. these algorithms appear to be quite successful in interpreting medical images and orthopedic decision support systems for preoperative evaluation. Robotic surgeons have emerged as significant competitors in carrying out the taken decisions. The first robotic applications of orthopedic surgery started in 1992 with the ROBODOC system. Applications started with hip arthroplasty continued with knee arthroplasty. Publications indicate that problems such as blood loss and infection caused by the long operation time in the early stages have been overcome in time with the help of learning systems. Comparative studies conducted with humans indicate that robots are better than humans in providing limb lengthening, patient satisfaction, and cost. As in all new technologies, the developments in both AI applications and robotics surgery indicate that technology is in favor in terms of cost/benefit analyses. Although studies indicate that new technologies are more successful than humans, the replacement of technology with experience and long-term results with traditional methods will not be observed in the near future.