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Item The Role of Pneumococcal Pneumonia among CommunityAcquired Pneumonia in Adult Turkish Population: TurkCAP Study(2021) Senol, Esin; Cilli, Aykut; Gunen, Hakan; Sener, Alper; Dumlu, Ridvan; Odemis, Ayse; Topcu, Ayse Fusun; Yildiz, Yesim; Guner, Rahmet; Ozhasenekler, Ayhan; Mutlu, Birsen; Kokturk, Nurdan; Sevimli, Nurgul; Baykam, Nurcan; Yapar, Derya; Ekin, Selami; Polatli, Mehmet; Gok, Sebnem Eren; Kilinc, Oguz; Sayiner, Abdullah; Karasahin, Omer; Cuhadaroglu, Caglar; Kocagoz, Ayse Sesin; Togan, Turhan; Arpag, Huseyin; Kati, Hakan; Koksal, Iftihar; Aksoy, Firdevs; Hasanoglu, Canan; 35110252OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the rate of pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) among patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Turkey and to investigate and compare features of PP and non-PP CAP patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This multicenter, non-interventional, prospective, observational study included adult CAP patients (age = 18 years). Diagnosis of PP was based on the presence of at least 1 positive laboratory test result for Streptococcus pneumoniae (blood culture or sputum culture or urinary antigen test [UAT]) in patients with radiographic findings of pneumonia. RESULTS: Four hundred sixty-five patients were diagnosed with CAP, of whom 59 (12.7%) had PP. The most common comorbidity was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (30.1%). The mean age, smoking history, presence of chronic neurological disease, and CURB-65 score were significantly higher in PP patients, when compared to non-PP patients. In PP patients, 84.8% were diagnosed based ony on the UAT. The overall rate of PP patients among CAP was calculated as 22.8% considering the UAT sensitivity ratio of 63% (95% confidence interval: 45-81). The rate of intensive care treatment was higher in PP patients (P =.007). While no PP patients were vaccinated for pneumococcus, 3.8% of the non-PP patients were vaccinated (P =.235). Antibiotic use in the preceding 48 hours was higher in the non-PP group than in the PP group (31.8% vs. 11.1%, P =.002). The CURB-65 score and the rate of patients requiring inpatient treatment according to this score were higher in the PP group. CONCLUSION: The facts that PP patients were older and required intensive care treatment more frequently as compared to non-PP patients underline the burden of PP.Item Retinal Scan with Optical Coherence Tomography in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(2021) Tunel, Munevver; Sahinoglu Keskek, NedimeObjective: In this study, the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses were compared between adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cases and healthy controls. Method: The study included adults diagnosed with ADHD based on the DSM-5 criteria and age and gender matched healthy controls. Spectral area optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed on the 52 eyes of 26 participants with ADHD and the 52 eyes of the 26 healthy control individuals. Results: Comparing the data on the 52 eyes of 26 ADHD participants and the 52 eyes of 26 healthy control participants indicated that the central macular thickness (CMT) and the RNFL thicknesses, the ganglion cell complex (GCC), the mean inner macular ring (MIRAVG) and the mean outer macular ring (MOR-AVG) thicknesses were significantly lower in the ADHD group. Conclusion: This is the first study in the literature on the RNFL thickness in adult ADHD patients. Our findings demonstrated that RNFL thickness is lower in ADHD cases as the unmyelinated axons are reduced in ADHD. Hence, the quantitative and reproducible nature of Spectral Domain-OCT thickness measurements can be used as biomarkers to monitor disease progression in ADHD cases.Item Early and late outcomes of surgical repair of double-chambered right ventricle: a single-centre experience(2020) Surucu, Murat; Erdogan, Ilkay; Varan, Birgul; Ozkan, Murat; Tokel, N.Kursad; Aslamaci, Sait; 0000-0002-6759-1795; 32063236; AAF-3253-2021; AAJ-2305-2021Objective: Double-chambered right ventricle is characterised by division of the outlet portion of the right ventricle by hypertrophy of the septoparietal trabeculations into two parts. We aim to report our experiences regarding the presenting symptoms of double-chambered right ventricle, long-term prognosis, including the recurrence rate and incidence of arrhythmias after surgery. Methods: We retrospectively investigated 89 consecutive patients who were diagnosed to have double-chambered right ventricle and underwent a surgical intervention from 1995 to 2016. The data obtained by echocardiography, cardiac catheterisation, and surgical findings as well as post-operative follow-up, surgical approaches, post-operative morbidity, mortality, and cardiac events were evaluated. Results: Median age at the time of diagnosis was 2 months and mean age at the time of operation was 5.3 years. Concomitant cardiac anomalies were as follows: perimembranous ventricular septal defect (78 patients), atrial septal defect (9 patients), discrete subaortic membrane (32 patients), right aortic arch (3 patients), aortic valve prolapse and/or mild aortic regurgitation (14 patients), and left superior caval vein (2 patients). The mean follow-up period was 4.86 +/- 4.6 years. In these patients, mean systolic pressure gradient in the right ventricle by echocardiography before, immediately, and long-term after surgical intervention was 66.3, 11.8, and 10.4 mmHg, respectively. There were no deaths during the long-term follow-up period. Surgical reinterventions were performed for residual ventricular septal defect (2), residual pulmonary stenosis (1), and severe tricuspid insufficiency (1). Conclusion: The surgical outcomes and prognosis of double-chambered right ventricle are favourable, recurrence and fatal arrhythmias are unlikely in long-term follow-up.