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Item Effects of resveratrol on oxidant and antioxidant systems in model of rat metabolic syndrome(2014) Ilhan, Nevin; Gungor, Hilal; Ilhan, Ayse SebnemObjective: In recent years, metabolic syndrome, which is a serious health problem, enhancing the effect of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, which is a natural antioxidant resveratrol, a polyphenol structure, the use of this area has brought. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of resveratrol (RSV) treatment on heart, kidney and hepatic tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels in high fructose feeding rats which form an experimental metabolic syndrome model and compared to pre-treatment of metabolic syndrome group and the control group values. Methods: Wistar/albino rats (n=15) were used in the present study. Rats were divided equally into 3 groups as control, created group of metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome plus resveratrol treatment. At the end of the experimental period, tissue MDA, NO, SOD and CAT levels were studied manual spectrophotometric methods after homogenization of tissues. Results: The result of the study, a significant increase in heart and liver tissue MDA levels, and heart, kidney, liver tissue NO levels were observed in the metabolic syndrome group compared to the controls (p<0.05), following treatment with resveratrol significantly decreases were observed to be close to the control values. Kidney and liver tissue catalase activity statistically significant decrease in metabolic syndrome group compared to the controls, (p=0.019 and p=0.021, respectively), kidney and liver tissue catalase activity similar to control values after treatment with resveratrol, a significant increase was observed (p=0.011 and p=0.58), but changes in the activity of SOD has not been as significant as catalase (p>0.05). However, hepatic SOD activity of resveratrol treatment group compared with the control group, a significant increase was recorded in the treated group (p=0.011). Conclusion: These results suggest probably antioxidant effects of resveratrol to reduce oxidative stress in the liver and kidney tissue which is an important role in metabolism. Against tissue damage generated by exogenous fructose, resveratrol is effective in preventing tissue damage with a direct or indirect effect shows.Item The investigation of the frequency of menstrual irregularity and hypertrichosis due to isotretinoine usage in female patients(2014) Demirci, Gulsen Tukenmez; Mertsoylu, Eda; Altunay, Ilknur Kivanc; Atis, Guldehan; Kucukunal, AsliBackground and Design: To investigate the rate of hypertrichosis and menstrual irregularity in female patients receiving isotretinoin treatment. Materials and Methods: In our study, we included female acne patients who were started isotretinoin treatment and who had no history of menstrual irregularities and hypertrichosis within 6 months prior to isotretinoin use and had no any systemic disease and did not take any medicine except isotretinoin. They were started 0.5-0.8 mg/kg isotretinoin treatment and followed by routine laboratory tests until the total cumulative dose of isotretinoin therapy was completed. They were controlled if they had menstrual irregularity or hypertrichosis after starting isotretinoin. Results: Fifty-six patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 24.91 +/- 5.72 years. The mean treatment period was 6.28 +/- 0.56 months. We found that 16 of 56 (28.8%) patients had menstrual irregularity. Six patients had prolonged interval (delay), -4, hypomenorrhea, -2, hypomenorrhea and prolonged interval, -2, metrorrhagia, - 1, shortened interval, and 1 patient had missed period. Of the 56 patients, 11 patients (23.8%) had hypertrichosis. 5 (45.45%) patients with hypertricchosis were found to have also menstrual irregularity while 5(31.25%) of 16 menstrual irregularity patients were found to have hypertrichosis. Nine patients reported having a stressful life event. One of them were both had menstrual irregularity and hypertrichosis, 2 of them had only hypertrichosis, 2 of them had only menstrual irregularity and 4 of them had no more finding. Conclusion: Our study showed that the complaints of menstrual irregularity and hypertrichosis may develop during isotretinoin therapy. Based on this result, we assume that further laboratory tests and controlled studies investigating the effects of isotretinoin on hormones are needed.Item Diagnostic value of histopathologic examination in alopecias(2014) Ozcan, Deren; Ozen, Ozlem; Seckin, DenizAlopecias are evaluated in two groups, namely noncicatricial type and cicatricial type. Cicatricial alopecias are generally irreversible due to the permenant damage to the hair follicles and as follicular epithelium is replaced by connective tissue in the late stages. In noncicatricial alopecia, the follicular epithelia is intact and hair regrowth is likely. The accurate diagnosis of alopecia subtypes which have different etiologies and occasionally result in permanent hair loss is of paramount importance to initiate the appropriate treatment in the early stages. Most of the subtypes of alopecia can be diagnosed with a detailed history and clinical evaluation. However, most of the disorders leading to alopecia present with nonspecific and overlapping clinical findings which alter over the course of the disease. In those instances, scalp biopsy and histopathologic evaluation is necessary to make or confirm the diagnosis. Transverse and vertical sections used for the interpretation of scalp biopsy specimens offer different advantages. Therefore, idealy, obtaining two 4 mm punch biopsy samples and combining both methods is suggested to enhance the diagnostic yield in patients with alopecia. In this review, the value of scalp biopsy in the diagnosis of subtypes of alopecia, the significance of evaluation of transverse and vertical sections in the histopathologic examination and the major histopathologic findings of the disorders involved in the etiology are described.Item Exercise and Rehabilitation Principles in Painful Foot and Ankle Problems(2014) Ofluoglu, DemetPainful foot and ankle situations are miscellaneous. Protect anatomical integrity and providing flexibility, together with re-achieving strength, are very important in the treatment of painful musculo-skeletal diseases. Exercise is essential to return to full activity and sports. The healing period after injury can be classified as acute phase, subacute phase, recovery phase, and return to functional and sports activity phase. Rest, ice application, elevation, and compression with analgesic-anti-inflammatory treatment are done in the acute phase. After the acute phase, range of motion exercises and isometric strengthening should be started in the subacute phase. In further phases, the impact of exercises should be increased, and the patient should switch to weight-bearing and a more effective strengthening program. Eventually, in the functional phase, the patient should be prepared for daily living activities, and if he does sports, he should return to sports activities.Item A Case of Multiple Sclerosis Presented with 5th, 6th and 7th Cranial Nerve Paralysis(2015) Sarıgul, Almila; Bayar, Sezin Akca; Singar, Evin; Pinarci, Eylem Yaman; Oto, SibelA 36-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic with complaints of numbness in hands, double vision, and inability to close her left eye. Her physical examination revealed horizontal diplopia, underactivity of the left lateral rectus muscle, left peripheral facial paralysis, and trigeminal sensorial neuropathy. The magnetic resonance imaging revealed hyperintense lesions, which were compatible with multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, systemic steroid treatment (1000 mg/day intravenous methylprednisolone for 5 days, 1 mg/kg/day oral prednisolone, reduced slowly) was administered to the patient. Within five weeks, her symptoms were regressed, and no recurrence was observed during the follow-up period of 4 years. As this case proves, MS can present with cranial nerve palsies in addition to many other different neurological symptoms. Although 5th nerve palsy is the most common cranial nerve palsy detected in MS patients, 7th and 6th nerve involvement are rarely reported in the literature. MS should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of cranial nerve palsies especially in young patients.Item Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presented with dizziness, weakness and neuropsychiatric symptoms: 2 Case Reports(2015) Inanc, Yusuf; Arlier, Zulfikar; Inanc, Yilmaz; Geyik, Sirma; Giray, Semih; Kocaturk, OzcanCreutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is among very rare, progressive, untreatable, neurodegenerative prion diseases. While the incidence is reported as 1/1000000 years in European countries, sporadic cases are rarely presented in Turkey. Clinical findings are in the form of rapid progressive dementia, myoclonus, cerebellar, pyramidal and extra pyramidal symptoms. Definitive diagnosis is established by histopathological examination. Our case is a 64-year-old male and 70-year-old female patients admitted with dizziness emerged as sub-acute weakness, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, imbalance and additional neuropsychiatric complaints. Focal activity slowness and common periodic sharp wave activities were observed in EEG. CJD was considered because bilateral symmetrical diffusion limitation was observed at both sides in the basal ganglia level in cranial diffusion MRI's and 14-3-3 protein was resulted as positive in CSF examinations. CJD, which is a very rare disease in patients presenting with progressive neuropsychiatric symptoms and seizure, is one of the diagnosis to be considered and we wanted to emphasize that there is no treatment for it and preventive measures should be taken.Item Secondary erythrocytosis due to waterpipe smoking: A case report(2015) Asma, Suheyl; Gereklioglu, Cigdem; Korur, Asli; Solmaz, SonerIn recent years, waterpipe smoking has gradually increased in our country, as in the world. Waterpipe smoking is a severe public health problem as cigarette smoking. Although the toxic substances are considered to be softened through passing from water, there is exposure to toxic substances and risk for contamination with some type of severe diseases. In addition, erythropoiesis is known to be induced with increased carboxy hemoglobin amount in blood and related secondary erythrocytosis may develop. Smoking-related tissue hypoxia is among the most common causes of secondary erythrocytosis. Herein, we presented a case that was admitted to family medicine clinic with various symptoms and diagnosed with narghile-related secondary erythocytosis.Item Case Report of Unilateral Silent Sinus Syndrome with Variable Enophthalmos(2015) Gokmen, Onur; Cetinkaya, Altug; Yesilirmak, Nilufer; Buyuklu, FuatA 35-year-old man applied to our clinic complaining that one of his eyes occasionally appeared smaller than the other for the last 6 months. The patient had no history of previous trauma or periorbital surgery. Ocular examination revealed 20/20 vision in both eyes and his pupillary and motility examinations were normal. The right eye showed 1mm hypoglobus and a deep superior sulcus. Considering possible silent sinus syndrome, CT scan was ordered and the diagnosis was established by visualizing an occlusion in the right osteomeatal aperture of the maxillary sinus with typical bending of the floor towards the sinus. The patient had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery through the right nasal meatus and the purulent material was drained through maxillary antrostomy. No intra-or postoperative complications were observed, and patient complaints and symptoms resolved immediately after the surgery. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2015; 45: 125-127)Item Comparison of Item Parameters and Model Fit from Item Response Theory Applications: A Monte Carlo Study(2015) Kogar, HakanThe purpose of this study is to identify and compare NIRT, PIRT and MIRT across different sample sizes, test length and correlation between dimensions in a two dimensional simple structures. Data sets in various conditions have been simulated. These conditions are sample size (100, 500, 1000 and 5000), test length (5, 15 and 25) and correlation between dimensions (0.00, 0.25 and 0.50). From each experimental design, within the frame of Monte Carlo study, the findings have been obtained through 20 replications. For the item parameters and model data fit for the items, standard errors and significance values have been calculated. Having analyzed the findings of the research, with the increase of sample sizes and test length, it is also found out that the model data fit for the test has increased as well. It can be stated that tests consisting of less items fit better to MIRT models. In all simulation designs, model data fit for the items are calculated with quite low errors in NIRT. When the chi-square, infit and outfit values obtained for PIRT have been analyzed, it has been revealed that along with the increase of sample sizes and test length, all three coefficients exhibit better model fit. In NIRT, the standard errors belonging to Hi and p parameters tend to decrease with the increase of sample sizes and test length. In PIRT, a parameters tend to decrease when the sample sizes and test length increase.Item A Rare Complication of Brucellosis: Testicular Abscess(2015) Gul, Umit; Demiroglu, Yusuf Ziya; Erbay, Gurcan; Kocer, Nazim EmrahBrucellosis is a zoonosis caused by Brucella species. Brucella epididymo-orchitis had been reported in up to 20% of patients with brucellosis. This case was a male patient who developed Brucella epidiymo-orchitis and testicular abscess. He had fever, arthralgia and his right epididymis and right testicle were enlarged and tender. Ultrasound evaluation showed hypertrophy of the right epididymis and testis and moreover hypoechoic area within the testis. Brucella serology was positive and the patient did not respond completely to treatment with streptomycin, doxycycline, and rifampicina. Unilateral orchidectomy was decided. In areas where brucella infection is endemic brucella epididymo-orchitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Effective and rapid treatment is important. It should be noted that these patients may develop testicular abscess.