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Item Arthroscopic excision of elastofibroma dorsi at scapulothoracic joint: a surgical technique(2014) Cakmak, Gokhan; Ergun, Tarkan; Sahin, M.SukruElastofibroma dorsi is a rare soft tissue pseudotumor which is located at the anteroinferior aspect of the scapula. In this article, we report a 19-year-old female case who had arthroscopic marginal excision of elastofibroma dorsi at the scapulothoracic joint without recurrences during follow-up. The artiaroscopic marginal excision of the elastofibroma dorsi may have good clinical results in selected cases.Item Effects of resveratrol on oxidant and antioxidant systems in model of rat metabolic syndrome(2014) Ilhan, Nevin; Gungor, Hilal; Ilhan, Ayse SebnemObjective: In recent years, metabolic syndrome, which is a serious health problem, enhancing the effect of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, which is a natural antioxidant resveratrol, a polyphenol structure, the use of this area has brought. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of resveratrol (RSV) treatment on heart, kidney and hepatic tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels in high fructose feeding rats which form an experimental metabolic syndrome model and compared to pre-treatment of metabolic syndrome group and the control group values. Methods: Wistar/albino rats (n=15) were used in the present study. Rats were divided equally into 3 groups as control, created group of metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome plus resveratrol treatment. At the end of the experimental period, tissue MDA, NO, SOD and CAT levels were studied manual spectrophotometric methods after homogenization of tissues. Results: The result of the study, a significant increase in heart and liver tissue MDA levels, and heart, kidney, liver tissue NO levels were observed in the metabolic syndrome group compared to the controls (p<0.05), following treatment with resveratrol significantly decreases were observed to be close to the control values. Kidney and liver tissue catalase activity statistically significant decrease in metabolic syndrome group compared to the controls, (p=0.019 and p=0.021, respectively), kidney and liver tissue catalase activity similar to control values after treatment with resveratrol, a significant increase was observed (p=0.011 and p=0.58), but changes in the activity of SOD has not been as significant as catalase (p>0.05). However, hepatic SOD activity of resveratrol treatment group compared with the control group, a significant increase was recorded in the treated group (p=0.011). Conclusion: These results suggest probably antioxidant effects of resveratrol to reduce oxidative stress in the liver and kidney tissue which is an important role in metabolism. Against tissue damage generated by exogenous fructose, resveratrol is effective in preventing tissue damage with a direct or indirect effect shows.Item The investigation of the frequency of menstrual irregularity and hypertrichosis due to isotretinoine usage in female patients(2014) Demirci, Gulsen Tukenmez; Mertsoylu, Eda; Altunay, Ilknur Kivanc; Atis, Guldehan; Kucukunal, AsliBackground and Design: To investigate the rate of hypertrichosis and menstrual irregularity in female patients receiving isotretinoin treatment. Materials and Methods: In our study, we included female acne patients who were started isotretinoin treatment and who had no history of menstrual irregularities and hypertrichosis within 6 months prior to isotretinoin use and had no any systemic disease and did not take any medicine except isotretinoin. They were started 0.5-0.8 mg/kg isotretinoin treatment and followed by routine laboratory tests until the total cumulative dose of isotretinoin therapy was completed. They were controlled if they had menstrual irregularity or hypertrichosis after starting isotretinoin. Results: Fifty-six patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 24.91 +/- 5.72 years. The mean treatment period was 6.28 +/- 0.56 months. We found that 16 of 56 (28.8%) patients had menstrual irregularity. Six patients had prolonged interval (delay), -4, hypomenorrhea, -2, hypomenorrhea and prolonged interval, -2, metrorrhagia, - 1, shortened interval, and 1 patient had missed period. Of the 56 patients, 11 patients (23.8%) had hypertrichosis. 5 (45.45%) patients with hypertricchosis were found to have also menstrual irregularity while 5(31.25%) of 16 menstrual irregularity patients were found to have hypertrichosis. Nine patients reported having a stressful life event. One of them were both had menstrual irregularity and hypertrichosis, 2 of them had only hypertrichosis, 2 of them had only menstrual irregularity and 4 of them had no more finding. Conclusion: Our study showed that the complaints of menstrual irregularity and hypertrichosis may develop during isotretinoin therapy. Based on this result, we assume that further laboratory tests and controlled studies investigating the effects of isotretinoin on hormones are needed.Item Diagnostic value of histopathologic examination in alopecias(2014) Ozcan, Deren; Ozen, Ozlem; Seckin, DenizAlopecias are evaluated in two groups, namely noncicatricial type and cicatricial type. Cicatricial alopecias are generally irreversible due to the permenant damage to the hair follicles and as follicular epithelium is replaced by connective tissue in the late stages. In noncicatricial alopecia, the follicular epithelia is intact and hair regrowth is likely. The accurate diagnosis of alopecia subtypes which have different etiologies and occasionally result in permanent hair loss is of paramount importance to initiate the appropriate treatment in the early stages. Most of the subtypes of alopecia can be diagnosed with a detailed history and clinical evaluation. However, most of the disorders leading to alopecia present with nonspecific and overlapping clinical findings which alter over the course of the disease. In those instances, scalp biopsy and histopathologic evaluation is necessary to make or confirm the diagnosis. Transverse and vertical sections used for the interpretation of scalp biopsy specimens offer different advantages. Therefore, idealy, obtaining two 4 mm punch biopsy samples and combining both methods is suggested to enhance the diagnostic yield in patients with alopecia. In this review, the value of scalp biopsy in the diagnosis of subtypes of alopecia, the significance of evaluation of transverse and vertical sections in the histopathologic examination and the major histopathologic findings of the disorders involved in the etiology are described.Item Exercise and Rehabilitation Principles in Painful Foot and Ankle Problems(2014) Ofluoglu, DemetPainful foot and ankle situations are miscellaneous. Protect anatomical integrity and providing flexibility, together with re-achieving strength, are very important in the treatment of painful musculo-skeletal diseases. Exercise is essential to return to full activity and sports. The healing period after injury can be classified as acute phase, subacute phase, recovery phase, and return to functional and sports activity phase. Rest, ice application, elevation, and compression with analgesic-anti-inflammatory treatment are done in the acute phase. After the acute phase, range of motion exercises and isometric strengthening should be started in the subacute phase. In further phases, the impact of exercises should be increased, and the patient should switch to weight-bearing and a more effective strengthening program. Eventually, in the functional phase, the patient should be prepared for daily living activities, and if he does sports, he should return to sports activities.Item Torakal Ventral Cord Herniation(2015) Tok, Sermin; Altinkaya, NaimeItem Experimental Bladder Cancer Models for Animals(2015) Kosan, Murat; Mungan, AydinTransitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common malignancy of the genitourinary tract and TCC models are being developed over the past decades. Experimental models are needed so that more effective treatments can be developed in preclinical evaluation. Even if, in vitro models are useful for initial development and evaluation of therapeutic agents and modalities, adequate animal models are still essential in the preclinical development of new effective and safe therapies. A great variety of ex vivo and in vivo models has been described in the literature. Chemical carcinogens are most commonly used to induce bladder cancer. Cell culture techniques are also widely used to study different oncological processes. To test potential new drugs in a preclinical setting, a clinically relevant orthotopic bladder tumor model is highly desirable. The aim of this review article was the assessment of different animal models available for the study of bladder carcinogenesis.Item The Risk Stratifications in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: How Much Accurate are the Methods That We Use? A Multi-Directional View(2015) Kuzgunbay, Baris; Beyazit, YildirimNon-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) have heterogeneous pattern inside, rapid recurrence might be seen in some of the patients while earlier progression might be seen in other patients. Recently, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables are the most commonly used as scoring systems in stratifying the risk group in NMIBC. The scoring system was developed based on tumor number and size, prior recurrence rate, T stage, concurrent CIS and tumor grade, thus the total score should be calculated individually for recurrence and progression. EAU guidelines also advices stratifying the patients into 3 risk groups according to the prognostic factors and data from the EORTC tables. In addition, the maintenance BCG therapy, secondary TUR operation, substaging in T1 tumors, pathological variants of uroepithelial carcinoma, lymphovascular invasion and some molecular markers have been reported to significantly affect the prognosis of NMIBC in consecutive studies. Today, EORTC and other stratification remains valid, however, needs to be improved and validated under the guidance of the previous studies.Item Tuberous sclerosis complex; a single center experience(2015) Erol, Ilknur; Savas, Tulin; Sekerci, Sevda; Yazici, Nalan; Erbay, Ayse; Demir, Senay; Saygi, Semra; Alkan, Ozlem; 26078697Aim: This study was planned with the aim of retrospectively reviewing the clinical and laboratory findings and therapies of our patients diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis and redefining the patients according to the diagnostic criteria revised by the 2012 International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Group and comparing them with the literature. Material and Methods: 20 patients diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis complex in the Pediatric Neurology Clinic were examined retrospectively in terms of clinical findings and therapies. The diagnoses were compared again according to 1998 and 2012 criteria. Results: It was observed that the complaint at presentation was seizure in 17 of 20 patients and hypopigmented spots on the skin in 3 of 20 patients. On the initial physical examination, imaging findings related with the disease were found in the skin in 17 of the patients, in the eye in 5, in the kidneys in 7 and in the brain in 17. No cardiac involvement was observed in the patients. Infantile spasm was observed in 7 of the patients who presented because of seizure (n=17), partial seizure was observed in 7 and multiple seizure types were observed in 3. It was found that sirolimus treatment was given to 9 of 20 patients because of different reasons, 7 of these 9 patients had epileptic seizures and sirolimus treatment had no effect on epileptic seizures. According to 2012 diagnostic criteria, no marked change occured in the diagnoses of our patients. Conclusions: It was observed that the signs and symptoms of our patients were compatible with the literature. Molecular genetic examination was planned for the patients who were being followed up because of possible tuberous sclerosis complex. It was observed that sirolimus treatment had no marked effect on the seizure frequency of our patients.Item A Rare Complication of Cholecystitis Diagnosed by Ultrasonography: Gallbladder Perforation(2015) Ergun, Tarkan; Lakadamyali, Hatice