PubMed Kapalı Erişimli Yayınlar
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11727/10764
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Item Determination of Biofilm Formation Properties of Methicillin Sensitive and Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates by Conventional and Molecular Methods(2020) Hortac Istar, Elvan; Aliskan, Hikmet Eda; Basustaoglu, Ahmet; 0000-0002-2571-0637; 0000-0001-9060-3195; 32723278; AAI-8926-2021; AAE-2282-2021Biofilm-related infections are considered as among the foremost causes of treatment failure nowadays. One of the most common causes of biofilm-related infections is Staphylococcus aureus. It becomes extremely difficult to determine the appropriate treatment protocol while biofilm-related infections are coexisting with bacterial methicillin resistance. The aim of this study was to observe the potential of biofilm formation of methicillin-sensitive and -resistant S.aureus strains isolated from different clinical specimens and to determine reliable and effective methods for biofilm detection. A total of 200 S.aureus strains (100 methicillin-resistant and 100 methicillin-susceptible) isolated from 107 wound, 93 blood and catheter specimens, which were accepted as causative agents, included in the study. In order to determine the methicillin sensitivity, oxacillin minimal inhibitory concentration value obtained by an automated system and cefoxitin disc diffusion method were evaluated together. Biofilm formation was investigated by modified Christensen (MC), MTT, BioTimer and Congo Red Agar (CRA) methods, and the presence of ica operon responsible for biofilm formation was also observed by polymerase chain reaction. It has been shown that methicillin-resistant isolates produce biofilms in a shorter time and higher rate, and their biofilm structure is denser than methicillin-sensitive isolates in all MC, MTT and BioTimer methods. There was no difference between blood and wound isolates in biofilm formation. The most sensitive and specific conventional methods were MTT and BioTimer methods respectively. There was no significant difference between the isolates containing a gene region of icaADBC operon and the biofilm forming isolates according to MC, MTT, BioTimer and CCA methods. There was a high correlation between the presence of biofilm and ica positivity, and the tendency to form biofilm augmented as the number of ica genes increased. It has been emphasized that more virulent strains such as methicillin-resistant S.aureus have a higher tendency to form biofilm, and these two resistance mechanisms have been shown to support each other as cascade. ica detection may be an important reagent in itself for the detection of virulent strains, thus detection of the ica presence may be an early marker of treatment decisions, determination of protection strategies, and struggle with biofilm-related infections. In cases where molecular methods are not available, the existence of quick, easy-to-apply and reliable conventional methods to detect biofilm formation is extremely important. All conventional methods used in this study seem to be sufficient in this respect. MC and MTT methods stand out in terms of biofilm quantitation. BioTimer method is a very new and remarkable test used to detect biofilm formation. In conclusion, determining the potential of biofilm formation of colonizing or causative agents and taking essential precautions before interventional procedures will decrease biofilm related infections and related morbidity and mortality.Item Schistosomiasis and pulmonary hypertension(2017) Sen, Nazan; 0000-0002-4171-7484; 29135402; AAI-8947-2021Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevelant parazitic diseases in the world. It is endemic in more than 70 countries, and more than 200 million people worldwide are infected with Schistosoma. Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is one of the chronic complications of schistosomiasis. The exact pathogenesis of schistosomiasisassociated pulmonary hypertension (S-PHT) remains unclear, although several mechanisms such as parazitic arterial embolisation, pulmonary arteriopathy, and portopulmonary hypertension have been suggested. Pathological pulmonary vascular changes in S-PHT were found similar to those in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). The fact that schistosomiasis is one of the most common causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), particularly in the developing countries, underlines the importance of enhancing our knowledge on this disease. Developments in the treatment of PAH have resulted in improved prognosis and significant increase in life expectancy and quality of life in the last two decades, which has enhanced the importance of S-PHT. Schistosomiasis is treated with praziquantel. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence that this treatment is effective for PHT. Although antihelmintic medications do not lead to significant improvement, they have beneficial effects and may slow down disease progression. Using PAH-specific treatments in the patients with schistosomiasis-associated PAH (S-PAH) can improve prognosis. However, inadequate clinical studies and limited sources in the endemic regions restrict extensive usage of these expensive medications. Further studies are required to determine the efficacy of these treatment modalities.Item Assessing the knowledge in primary health care following an educational course structured in the context of GARD chronic airway diseases national control program(2017) Balkan, Arzu; Oner Erkekol, Ferda; Kokturk, Nurdan; Mungan, Dilsad; Sackesen, Cansin; Onen, Zeynep Pinar; Ozkan, Secil; Ergun, Pinar; Kocabas, Can Naci; Baran Aksakal, Nur; Ekici, Banu; Ozkan Altunay, Zubeyde; Gemicioglu, Bilun; Yorgancioglu, Arzu; 0000-0002-4032-0944; 28990886; AAC-7548-2020Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are common causes of disease in the community and account for considerable percent of the caseload in primary health care facilities. For this reason, it is important to question and improve the knowledge of primary health care physicians. This study is designed to assess the level of knowledge for bronchial asthma and COPD of the primary healthcare physicians, both before and immediately after an educational course structured in the context of GARD Chronic Airway Diseases National Control Program. Materials and Methods: The participating physicians attended an intensive educational course on asthma and COPD. Twenty five item questionnaires for asthma and COPD were administered to the participants both before and immediately after the end of the course. Contribution of education to the level of knowledge was investigated by comparing the percentages of the correct answers in the pre-and post-test. Results: From 11 different cities, 1817 and 1788 primary health care physician were attended to the asthma and COPD educations, respectively. The accuracy rate of >= 75% was obtained from only 4 questions in pre-test asthma questionnaire. On the contrary, in 15 questions the accuracy rate was < 50%. The mean accuracy rate for the whole asthma test was 45.8%, and this rate raised to 69.6% after education course. The accuracy rate of >= 75% could not be obtained from any of the questions in pre-test COPD questionnaire. On the contrary, in 19 questions the accuracy rate was < 50%. The mean accuracy rate for the whole asthma test was 42.0%, and this rate raised to 71.3% after education course. Conclusion: It has been shown that, in primary care settings, the level of knowledge in asthma and COPD should be enhanced and that this increase can be achieved with an education course.