Kazan Meslek Yüksekokulu / Kazan Vocational School
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11727/2077
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Item Rates of Weighted Statistical Convergence for A Generalization of Positive Linear Operators(2023) Ilbey, Reyhan Canatan; Dogru, OgunIn the present paper, some direct and inverse theorems relating to a generalization of positive linear operators are given. Also some rates of weighted statistical convergence are computed by means of a weighted modulus of continiuty.Item Status of the Albanian Muslims in Greece During the Population Exchange on the Basis of the Minutes of Lausanne Conference and the Reports of the Embassy of Albania in Athens(2017) Ozcan, HalilThe Subcommittee of Population Exchange at Lausanne Conference addressed the exchange topic in twelve sessions between January, 11, 1923 and January 30, 1923. The convention and protocol concerning the exchange between populations of two countries were signed on January 30, 1923 by the Turkish and Greek Governments. Accordingly, it was decided to conduct compulsory population exchange between the "Turkish nationals of Greek Orthodox religion" who had domiciled in Turkish territories and the "Greek nationals of Muslim religion" who had domiciled in Greek territories. Despite Greece provided all assurances at Lausanne Conference and afterwards, it took action to exchange the Albanian Muslims, who lived in Epirus-Chameria region where almost all of the population was Muslim with the immigrant Greeks who came from Anatolia, due to the fact that the Albanian Muslims were "Greek nationals with Muslim religion." During this period, Mid'hat Frasheri was assigned to the Embassy of Albania in Athens on January 1923. The Ambassador discussed the situation of the Albanian Muslims in Greece, with the authorities, the League of Nations, the Mixed Exchange Committee, the Turkish authorities and mainly the Greek authorities. Mid'hat Frashri sent approximately 200 reports, which included these discussions to the Albanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Item The Effect Of Kefir Enrichment With Arthrospira Platensis And Chlorella Vulgaris On Kefir Microbiota, Antioxidant, And Physicochemical Properties(2022) Kahraman Ilikkan, Ozge; Bagdat, Elif SeymaThis study evaluated the effect of Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris on kefir microbiota, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and physicochemical properties such as pH, Brix, total dry matter, and titratable acidity. The results showed that the addition of algae at concentrations of 0.5% (w/v) and 1% (w/v) to the kefir did not change the acceptable physicochemical properties of kefir. The acidity of the microalgae-enriched kefirs increased with increasing algae concentration. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of all kefir samples fortified with algae were higher than those of the control. However, the addition of A. platensis exhibited better prebiotic activity than C. vulgaris on kefir microbiota during storage. Principal component analysis and overall results showed that A. platensis was a better candidate for improving the nutritional value of kefir.Item Synthesis, Antimicrobial And Thermal Studies Of Nitropyridine-Substituted Double Armed Benzo-15-Crown-5 Ligands; Alkali (Na+ And K+) And Transition Metal (Ag+) Complexes; Reduction Of Nitro Compounds(2022) Kocoglu, Serhat; Hayvali, Zeliha; Ogutcu, Hatice; Atakol, Orhan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3590-9084; GMW-9869-2022Nitropyridine substituted double-armed benzo 15-crown-5 compounds (1-4) were synthesized by the reactions of 4',5'-bis(bromomethyl)benzo-15-crown-5 with hydroxypyridine derivatives. Na+ and K+ complexes (1a-4a, 1b-4b) of crown ether compounds (1-4) were prepared with sodium picrate and potassium picrate, respectively. Transition metal complexes (1c-4c) of the synthesized ligands (1-4) were prepared from Ag+ cation. In addition, nitro compounds (1, 2 and 4) were reduced by using Pd/C and hydrazine hydrate and new amine compounds (5, 6 and 8) were obtained. The structures of new double-armed crown ether compounds (2-4), their metal complexes (1a-4a, 1b-4b, 2c-4c) and amine compounds (5, 6 and 8) were elucidated by FTIR, HRMS, H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR spectroscopic methods. The thermal behaviors of these nitro group containing ligands (1-4) were compared with the resulting silver complexes (1c-4c) and amine compounds (5, 6 and 8). All synthesized compounds were examined for antibacterial activity against pathogenic strains Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhi H, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Shigella dysenteria and antifungal activity against Candida albicans.Item An Efficient Approach For Sub-Carrier Allocation In MIMO MC-CDMA Systems(2022) Seyman, Muhammet Nuri; Demiral, BircanSub-carrier allocation is an important process that directly affects users data and bit error rates for multi-user multi-carrier systems. The most important feature of the allocation process is to assign the sub-carriers to the active users in proportion to their needs to provide high-speed data transmission and reduce the bit error rates. In this study, an efficient subcarrier allocation algorithm has been proposed based on both capacity and fairness criteria for a MIMO MC-CDMA system, which is preferred as the multiplexing scheme in high data rate communication systems. The proposed algorithm achieves not only better error rate performance but also increases the total data rate compared to other algorithmsItem Comparison Of Propionibacterium Genomes: CRISPR-Cas Systems, Phage/Plasmid Diversity, And Insertion Sequences(2022) Kahraman-Ilikkan, Ozge; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-6868; 35763226; Q-9641-2019The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas systems constitute the adaptive immune system in prokaryotes that provide resistance against invasive genetic elements. The genus Propionibacterium comprises gram-positive, facultative anaerobe, non-spore-forming bacteria, and is the source of some B group vitamins such as B12 as well as bacteriocins. Some of the selected species of the genus Propionibacterium spp. were reclassified into the three genera in 2016 (Acidipropionibacterium spp., Pseudopropionibacterium spp., Cutibacterium spp.). Therefore, this study compared CRISPR/Cas systems, Cas 1 and repeat sequences phylogeny, phage/plasmid surveys as well as insertion sequences of new genera members. In this study, a total of 34 genomes of 13 species were observed with a bioinformatic approach. CRISPR-Cas + + and CRISPRDetect were used to detect CRISPR/Cas systems, direct repeats, and spacers. 39 CRISPR-Cas systems were detected. Type I-E, Type I-U, and one incomplete III-B CRISPR-Cas subtypes were identified. Most of the strains had Cas1/Cas4 fusion proteins. Pseudopropionibacterium propionicum strains had two types I-U and one of the CRISPR loci had csx17 cas genes. Common phage invaders were Propionibacterium phage E6, G4, E1, Anatole, and Doucette. The BLSM62 similarity score of all Cas1 sequences was 48.4% while the pairwise identity of repeat sequences was 48.7%. Common insertion sequences were ISL3, IS3, IS30. The diversity analysis of the CRISPR/Cas system in the genus Propionibacterium provided a new perspective for determining the role of the CRISPR-Cas system in the evolution of new genera.Item Metataxonomic Sequencing To Assess Microbial Safety Of Turkish White Cheeses(2022) Kahraman-Ilikkan, Ozge; Bagdat, Elif Seyma; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-6868; 35277850; Q-9641-2019High-throughput sequencing has provided a way to monitor the large diversity of microorganisms in fermented foods that have complex microbiota. Up to date, many kinds of cheese have been characterized with the metataxonomic approach, but the safety of unpacked Turkish white cheeses, which are widely consumed in Turkey, has not been assessed. In this study, fifteen unpacked white cheeses sold in public bazaars in Ankara province have been collected and subjected to microbial enumeration as well as physicochemical analysis. Five white cheeses, which have relatively the highest foodborne pathogens, out of fifteen white cheeses, have been analyzed by next-generation sequencing and metataxonomic analysis. According to the results, abundant families were Lactobacillaceae, Oceanospirillaceae, Enterococcaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Vibrionaceae. Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella, which are indicators of bad hygiene and sanitation conditions, were found in cheeses. In conclusion, culture-independent methods such as metataxonomic can be important to evaluate the safety of foods.Item Analysis of Probiotic Bacteria Genomes: Comparison of CRISPR/Cas Systems and Spacer Acquisition Diversity(2021) Ilikkan, Ozge Kahraman; 0000-0001-5843-6868; 35068602; Q-9641-2019Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) genes constitute an adaptive (acquired) defense system of bacteria and archaea. Here 72 probiotic bacteria genomes were investigated in terms of the presence of CRISPR/Cas systems and phage/plasmid invaders through spacer analysis. 49 CRISPR/Cas systems were detected within probiotic strains, namely,17 type II-A, 10 type I-C, 8 type I-E, 5 Type I-U (I-G), 4 type III-A, 2 type I-B, 1 type I-A, 1 type IV-B, and 1 type II-C. The predicted target of spacers was determined in 25 strains and consequently, three different spacer and target patterns were revealed. The diversity of CRISPR spacers provides insight and understanding to determine strain-specific invaders of probiotic bacteria as well as their relationships between strains. CRISPR systems were clarified in many studies for genomic characterization. However, recently, endogenous genome editing with CRISPR has provided an approach for various genome editing projects. Thus, in the future, producing strain-specific phage-resistant starter cultures or probiotics by endogenous genome editing methods according to phage/plasmid survey can be utilized for industrial and pharmaceutical applications. Therefore, this study intended a comprehensive investigation of CRISPR systems of probiotic bacteria.Item Comparison of bacterial and fungal biodiversity of Turkish kefir grains with high-throughput metagenomic analysis(2021) Ilikkan, Ozge Kahraman; Bagdat, Elif Seyma; 0000-0001-5843-6868; Q-9641-2019Kefir is a health-promoting fermented drink having complex microbiota. This complex microbiota consists of bacteria and yeast association that is bound together with a polysaccharide called kefiran. To date, the complex microbiota of fermented foods was enlightened with culture-depended methods, however, recently, metagenomic studies have been started to use to reveal microbial diversity of fermented foods such as kefir. In this present study, we investigated the microbiome of two artisanal Turkish kefir grains (namely, A and G) by high throughput sequencing at the species level. Additionally, physicochemical analyses were carried out besides enumerations of lactobacilli, lactococci, total aerobic, and bifidobacteria in fermented milk kefirs. In these two kefir grains, different bacterial and fungal populations were revealed. In kefir grain A, Bifidobacterium longum was the dominant species while in kefir grain G, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens was dominant. Concerning fungal diversity, in kefir grain A, Naumovozyma dairensis was the dominant yeast, while in kefir grain G, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii was dominant. High-throughput sequencing studies have revealed that kefir grains were typically dominated by lactobacilli. But, in this study, Bifidobacterium longum was found as a dominant bacterium in kefir for the first time.Item NUMERICAL STABILITY OF RBF APPROXIMATION FOR UNSTEADY MHD FLOW EQUATIONS(2019) Gurbuz, Merve; Tezer-Sezgin, M.In this study, the radial basis function (RBF) approximation is applied for solving the unsteady fluid flow and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convection flow problems with the use of explicit Euler time discretization and relaxation parameters to accelerate the convergence. The stability analysis is also carried out in terms of the spectral radius of related RBF discretized coefficient matrices. The optimal choices of the time increment, relaxation parameters and physical problem parameters are found for achieving stable solutions. It is observed that the maximum eigenvalues of the coefficient matrices decrease with an increase in the time increment when the relaxation parameters are decreasing. Although the time derivative is discretized using explicit Euler method, one does not need to use small time increment for obtaining stable results. The flow, isotherms and pressure behaviors are simulated at steady-state for several values of problem parameters using time increment and relaxation parameters which lead to stable solutions.