Browsing by Author "Milk, D. Gershnabel"

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    Does Endoscopic Balloon Dilatation Improve Intranasal Drug Delivery To The Olfactory Cleft? A Pre-Clinical Cadaver Feasibility Study
    (2022) Milk, D. Gershnabel; Khong, G. C.; Cam, O. H.; Fernando, A.; Tierney, C.; Kassem, F.; Leong, S. C.; 35152931
    Background Although systemic steroids have been shown to improve olfactory function, topical steroids have not demonstrated the same efficacy. This could a result of limited drug delivery to the narrow, superiorly placed olfactory cleft. This study aimed to examine the penetration of intranasal drugs to the olfactory cleft following endonasal balloon dilatation. Methods Balloon dilatation was performed in 12 thawed, fresh-frozen cadaver specimens. In the Mygind position, nasal drops mixed with blue food dye were administered into the nostril before and after the dilatation procedure. Endoscopic videos were recorded to assess dye staining of the olfactory cleft and osteo-meatal complex using a 4-point Likert scale. Results Prior to balloon dilatation, the mean penetration of nasal drops into the olfactory cleft was 1.34, which improved significantly (p < 0.05) to 2.66 following the procedure. There was no change in dye penetration into the osteo-meatal complex after balloon dilatation. Conclusion The results of this exploratory study suggest that balloon dilatation may improve the delivery of nasal drops to the olfactory cleft area. The clinical applicability and impact on olfactory function will require further assessment.