Browsing by Author "Karaarslan, Cemre"

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Affect, impulsivity, and metacognition in borderline personality disorder feature
(Başkent Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2021) Karaarslan, Cemre; Doğutepe, Elvin
The first aim of the present study is to examine the association of Borderline Personality Disorder feature (high-low), and positive affect (low-high) in two different dimensions of impulsivity namely self-report and delay-related. The second aim of the study is to explore effect of the gender on BPD feature. The last aim of the current study is to examine relationships among individuals’ impulsivity scores (self-report and delay-related), and metacognitive abilities (monitoring action activity and dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs). The sample of the research consists of 236 (135 female and 101 male) participants whose ages ranged from 18 to 55. The participants firstly signed the informed consent, then completed the Demographic Information Questionnaire, Borderline Personality Inventory, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, Delay Discounting Task (Monetary Choice Questionnaire), Metacognition Questionnaire-30, and Task-Related Metacognition Questionnaire. Results indicated that individuals who have high BPD feature also have higher self-report impulsivity scores than individuals with low Borderline Personality Disorder feature; individuals with low positive affect were found to have higher self-report impulsivity than individuals who are in a high positive affect state; individuals with high BPD feature and high positive affect made more impulsive choices than individuals with high BPD feature and low positive affect. Results regarding gender effect on Borderline Personality Disorder feature demonstrated that no significant difference in Borderline Personality Disorder feature in terms of gender. Also, it was found that increased delay-related impulsivity is associated with increased self-report impulsivity. Moreover, regarding metacognitive abilities, results showed that individuals who rate their decisions as more profitable during Delay Discounting Task tend to show less delay-related impulsiveness, similarly, they were found less impulsive in self-report measures. However, no association between dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs and monitoring action activity was found. Bu çalışmanın ilk amacı, Sınır Kişilik Bozukluğu özelliği (yüksek-düşük) ile pozitif duygulanım (düşük-pozitif) arasındaki ilişkiyi dürtüselliğin iki farklı boyutu olan öz bildirim dürtüsellik ve gecikmeyle ilişkili dürtüsellikte incelemektir. Çalışmanın ikinci amacı, cinsiyetin Sınır Kişilik Bozukluğu özelliği üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu çalışmanın son amacı ise, bireylerin dürtüsellik puanları (öz bildirim ve gecikmeyle ilişkili) ve üstbilişsel yetenekleri (eylem izleme aktivitesi ve işlevsiz üstbilişsel inançlar) arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini yaşları 18 ile 55 arasında değişen 236 (135 kadın ve 101 erkek) katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcılar önce bilgilendirilmiş onam imzaladıktan sonra Demografik Bilgi Anketi, Sınır Kişilik Envanteri, Barratt Dürtüsellik Ölçeği-11, Gecikme İndirimi Görevi (Parasal Seçim Ölçeği), Üstbiliş Ölçeği-30 ve Görevle İlgili Üstbiliş Ölçeğini tamamlamışlardır. Sonuçlar, yüksek Sınır Kişilik Bozukluğu özelliğine sahip bireylerin, düşük Sınır Kişilik Bozukluğu özelliğine sahip bireylere göre daha yüksek öz bildirim dürtüsellik puanlarına sahip olduklarını; düşük olumlu duygulanıma sahip bireylerin, yüksek olumlu duygulanım durumunda olan bireylere göre daha yüksek öz bildirim dürtüselliğe sahip oldukları bulunmuştur; BPD özelliği yüksek ve olumlu duygulanımı yüksek olan bireyler, yüksek BPD özelliği ve düşük olumlu duygulanıma sahip bireylere göre daha dürtüsel seçimler yapmışlardır. Sınır Kişilik Bozukluğu özelliğinde cinsiyetin etkisine ilişkin sonuçlar, Sınır Kişilik Bozukluğu özelliğinde cinsiyet açısından anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca çalışmanın bulguları, gecikmeyle ilişkili artan dürtüselliğin, artan öz bildirim dürtüselliği ile ilişkili olduğuna işaret etmiştir. Dahası, üstbilişsel yeteneklerle ilgili olarak sonuçlar, Gecikme İndirgeme Görevi sırasında kararlarını daha karlı olarak değerlendiren bireylerin, gecikmeyle ilgili daha az dürtüsellik gösterme eğiliminde olduklarını; benzer şekilde, öz bildirim ölçümlerinde de daha az dürtüsel olduklarını göstermiştir. Ancak, işlevsiz üstbilişsel inançlar ile eylem izleme aktivitesi arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunamamıştır.
Associations between early maladaptive schema domains of parents and their adult children: The role of defence styles
(2021) Karaarslan, Cemre; Eldogan, Dilay; Yigit, Ibrahim; 0000-0003-3782-0304; 33624909
Although existing research recognized the associations between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) of parents and their adult children, the mechanisms that underpin these associations were not fully understood. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to explore the role of defence styles (DSs) on the associations between two EMS domains (Disconnection/Rejection and Impaired Autonomy) of parents and their adult children. Two hundred and fifteen families (i.e., mother, father, and their adult children) participated in the study. Both parents and their adult children were asked to complete Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) and Defence Style Questionnaire (DSQ) to assess their EMS domains and DSs. According to the results of the current study, there were significant associations between Disconnection/Rejection and Impaired Autonomy EMS domains of parents and their adult children, and these associations were mediated by only immature DS of parents and their adult children in a serial mediation model. These results contributed to our understanding of the associations between EMS domains of parents and their adult children through immature DSs. Moreover, our findings highlighted the importance of synthesizing the concepts of different theories to enhance our understanding of mental representations in families.
A Global Experiment On Motivating Social Distancing During The COVID-19 Pandemic
(2022) Karaarslan, Cemre; 35622891
Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one's core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people's existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges.
In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries
(2022) Sarioguz, Eyluel; Karaarslan, Cemre; 36185503
The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., "If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others") or potential gains (e.g., "If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others")? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions.
A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic
(2021) Karaarslan, Cemre; Sarioguz, Eylul; 34341554
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world.