Browsing by Author "Gedik, Ender"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 26

The 2-Stage Liver Transplant: 3 Clinical Scenarios
(2015) Gedik, Ender; Bicakcioglu, Murat; Otan, Emrah; Toprak, Huseyin Ilksen; Isik, Burak; Aydin, Cemalettin; Kayaalp, Cuneyt; Yilmaz, Sezai; 0000-0001-9293-8116; 0000-0002-2395-3985; 0000-0002-7175-207X; 0000-0003-4657-2998; 25894175; ABB-5579-2020; AAH-1764-2021; AAN-4023-2020; A-6657-2018; ABI-2971-2020
The main goal of 2-stage liver transplant is to provide time to obtain a new liver source. We describe our experience of 3 patients with 3 different clinical conditions. A 57-year-old man was retransplanted successfully with this technique due to hepatic artery thrombosis. However, a 38-year-old woman with fulminant toxic hepatitis and a 5-year-old-boy with abdominal trauma had poor outcome. This technique could serve as a rescue therapy for liver transplant patients who have toxic liver syndrome or abdominal trauma. These patients required intensive support during long anhepatic states. The transplant team should decide early whether to use this technique before irreversible conditions develop.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
(2016) Zeyneloglu, Pinar; Ozdemirkan, Aycan; Komurcu, Ozgur; Ulas, Aydin; Atar, Funda; Gedik, Ender; Pirat, Arash; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-207X; AAH-7003-2019; ABI-2971-2020
Blood Glucose Regulation During Living-Donor Liver Transplant Surgery
(2015) Gedik, Ender; Toprak, Huseyin Ilksen; Koca, Erdinc; Sahin, Taylan; Ozgul, Ulku; Ersoy, Mehmet Ozcan; 0000-0002-7175-207X; 25894177; ABI-2971-2020
Objectives: The goal of this study was to compare the effects of 2 different regimens on blood glucose levels of living-donor liver transplant. Materials and Methods: The study participants were randomly allocated to the dextrose in water plus insulin infusion group (group 1, n = 60) or the dextrose in water infusion group (group 2, n = 60) using a sealed envelope technique. Blood glucose levels were measured 3 times during each phase. When the blood glucose level of a patient exceeded the target level, extra insulin was administered via a different intravenous route. The following patient and procedural characteristics were recorded: age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, end-stage liver disease, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, total anesthesia time, total surgical time, and number of patients who received an extra bolus of insulin. The following laboratory data were measured pre- and postoperatively: hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, potassium, creatinine, total bilirubin, and albumin. Results: No hypoglycemia was noted. The recipients exhibited statistically significant differences in blood glucose levels during the dissection and neohepatic phases. Blood glucose levels at every time point were significantly different compared with the first dissection time point in group 1. Excluding the first and second anhepatic time points, blood glucose levels were significantly different as compared with the first dissection time point in group 2 (P < .05). Conclusions: We concluded that dextrose with water infusion alone may be more effective and result in safer blood glucose levels as compared with dextrose with water plus insulin infusion for living-donor liver transplant recipients. Exogenous continuous insulin administration may induce hyperglycemic attacks, especially during the neohepatic phase of living-donor liver transplant surgery. Further prospective studies that include homogeneous patient subgroups and diabetic recipients are needed to support the use of dextrose plus water infusion without insulin.
The Changes with the New Legislations
(2023) Bicakcioglu, Murat; Gedik, Ender
Organ transplantation is the most important option for the treatment of end-stage diseases. However, there is a large difference between the number of patients on the waiting list and the number of transplants performed. The gradual increase in this difference creates ethical problems related to organ transplantation. Ethical problems and other limitations require organ transplantation to be controlled by legal regulations. In our country, organ transplantation practice is carried out under the supervision of the state. Organ Transplant Practice Regulation has been updated by being published in the Official Gazette dated 09.12.2022 and numbered 32008. Possible end-of-life decisions in brain death are stated in accordance with the conditions of our country. "In cases where brain death is diagnosed, the organ preservation protocols applied are terminated in the absence of family or legal guardian approval regarding organ donation. In case of organ donation by the family or legal guardian, the organ preservation protocols needed for donor care are continued during the period until the transplantation of the organ to the waiting patient", and a solution has been presented to the intensive care physicians for the prognosis of the cases that donated or could not be donated.In the regulation in which the prerequisites of the brain death diagnostic criteria are specified, it is stated that the central body temperature should be =36 degrees C. With the new regulation, end-of-life decisions on brain death and changes made in relation to central body temperature have brought convenience in the diagnosis and follow- up process.
The Clinical Outcomes of Covid-19 Disease in Patients with Solid Organ Transplantation
(2021) Yuce, Gulbahar Darilmaz; Ulubay, Gaye; Karakaya, Emre; Tek, Korhan; Akdur, Aydincan; Bozbas, Serife Savas; Gedik, Ender; Kupeli, Elif; Erol, Cigdem; Arslan, Hande; Akcay, Sule; Haberal, Mehmet; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4879-7974; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8726-3369; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2535-2534; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5708-7915; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3462-7632; JBS-4193-2023; AAD-5466-2021; AAA-3068-2021; AAJ-1219-2021; ABG-7034-2021; AAJ-8097-2021
The Clinical Outcomes Of Covid-19 Disease In Patients With Solıid Organ Transplantation
(2021) Yuce, Gulbahar Darilmaz; Ulubay, Gaye; Karakaya, Emre; Tek, Korhan; Akdur, Aydincan; Bozbas, Serife Savas; Gedik, Ender; Kupeli, Elif; Erol, Cigdem; Arslan, Hande; Akcay, Sule; Haberal, Mehmet; 0000-0002-8726-3369; 0000-0002-2535-2534; 0000-0002-5708-7915; 0000-0002-3462-7632; AAA-3068-2021; AAJ-1219-2021; ABG-7034-2021; AAJ-8097-2021
CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF INFLUENZA INFECTION AMONG SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS IN ICU
(2020) Gulleroglu, Aykan; Kandemir, Tunay; Yalcin, Tugba; Gedik, Ender; Zeyneloglu, Pinar; Haberal, Mehmet A.
Comparison Of Confirmed And Probable COVID-19 Patients In The Intensive Care Unit During The Normalization Period
(2022) Yesiler, Fatma Irem; Capras, Mesher; Kandemir, Emre; Sahinturk, Helin; Gedik, Ender; Zeyneloglu, Pinar; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0612-8481; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0159-4771; 34812130; AAJ-4212-2021; AAJ-1419-2021
The decrease in social distance together with the normalization period as of June 1, 2020, in our country caused an increase in the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Our aim was to compare the demographic features, clinical courses, and outcomes of confirmed and probable COVID-19 patients admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) during the normalization period. Critically ill 128 COVID-19 patients between June 1, 2020, and December 2, 2020, were analyzed retrospectively. The mean age was 69.7 +/- 15.5 y (61.7% male). Sixty-one patients (47.7%) were confirmed. Dyspnea (75.0%) was the most common symptom and hypertension (71.1%) was the most common comorbidity. The mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation System (APACHE II) score; Glasgow Coma Score; Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores on ICU admission were 17.4 +/- 8.2,12.3 +/- 3.9, and 5.9 +/- 3.4, respectively. One hundred and one patients (78.1%) received low-flow oxygen, 48 had high-flow oxygen therapy (37.5%), and 59 (46.1%) had invasive mechanical ventilation. Fifty-three patients (41.496) had vasopressor therapy and 30 (23.4%) patients had renal replacement therapy due to acute kidney injury (AKI). Confirmed patients were more tachypneic (p= 0.005) and more hypoxemic than probable patients (p < 0.001). Acute respiratory distress syndrome and AKI were more common in confirmed patients than probable (both p < 0.001). Confirmed patients had higher values of hemoglobin, C- reactive protein, fibrinogen, and D-dimer than probables (respectively, p = 0.028. 0.006, 0.000. and 0.019). The overall mortality was higher in confirmed patients (p = 0.209, 52.6% vs. 47.4%). Complications are more common among confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU. The mortality rate of confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU was found to be higher than probable patients. Mortality of confirmed cases was higher than prediction of APACHE-II scoring system.
A Comparison of Echocardiography and the Pressure Recording Analytical Method (PRAM) for Predicting Fluid Responsiveness after Passive Leg Raising
(2021) Ozdemirkan, Aycan; Aitakhanoya, Manat; Gedik, Ender; Zeyneloglu, Pinar; Pirat, Arash; 0000-0002-7175-207X; ABI-2971-2020
Objective: This study aims to assess the agreement between the cardiac index (CI) measured by pressure recording analytical method (PRAM) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) before and after the passive leg raise (PLR) maneuver. Methods: This is a prospective observational study in critically ill patients who were monitored with MostcareUp/PRAM (Vygon, Vytech, Padova, Italy). Cardiac index (CI) values and percent changes in CI values in response to PLR were recorded by TTE and PRAM. Results: Data of a total of 25 patients were collected. The median CI values that were calculated by TTE before and after PLR were 2.5 (1.2-4.7) L/min/m(2) and 2.9 (1.4-5.6) L/min/m(2), respectively. The median CI values that were calculated by PRAM before and after PLR were 2.5 (1.5-4.8) L/min/m(2) and 2.6 (1.7-5.7) L/min/m(2), respectively. There was significant correlations between the measured CI values both by TTE and PRAM before and after PLR (r=0.635, p=0.001 and r=0.610, p=0.001, respectively). The median percent changes in CI with TTE and PRAM were -0.13 (-0.7-0.4) and -0.11 (-0.5-0.5), respectively. Sixteen patients were determined as FR by TTE (64%) and 13 patients were determined as FR by PRAM (52%). The Kappa test showed moderate agreement between TTE and PRAM for predicting fluid responsiveness (k=0.595; p=0.002). The mean biases between the CI values measured by TTE and PRAM before and after PLR were 0.04 +/- 0.77 L/min/m(2) and 0.22 +/- 0.88 L/min/m(2), respectively. Conclusion: This study showed a significant correlation for CI values measured by both methods. For predicting fluid responsiveness there was agreement between the two methods after PLR.
Early Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury Among Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients
(2018) Sahinturk, Helin; Kundakci, Aycan; Zeyneloglu, Pinar; Gedik, Ender; Pirat, Arash; Haberal, Mehmet; 0000-0003-0159-4771; 0000-0002-7175-207X; 0000-0002-3462-7632; AAJ-1419-2021; AAH-7003-2019; ABI-2971-2020; AAJ-8097-2021
Early Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury Among Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients
(2021) Sahinturk, Helin; Ozdemirkan, Aycan; Zeyneloglu, Pinar; Gedik, Ender; Pirat, Arash; Haberal, Mehmet; 0000-0003-0159-4771; 0000-0001-5324-0348; 0000-0002-3462-7632; 30880650; AAJ-1419-2021; AAD-8682-2022; AAJ-8097-2021
Objectives: Acute kidney injury after pediatric liver transplant is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Here, we evaluated children with acute kidney injury early posttransplant using KDIGO criteria to determine incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, medical records of all patients < 16 years old who underwent liver transplant from April 2007 to April 2017 were reviewed. Results: Of 117 study patients, 69 (59%) were male and median age at transplant was 72 months (range, 12-120 mo). Forty children (34.2%) had postoperative acute kidney injury, with most having stage 1 disease (n = 21). Compared with children who had acute kidney injury versus those who did not, preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time (median 35.6 s [interquartile range, 32.4-42.8 s] vs 42.5 s [interquartile range, 35-49 s]; P = .007), intraoperative lactate levels at end of surgery (median 5.3 mmol/L [interquartile range, 3.3-8.6 mmol/L] vs 7.9 mmol/L [interquartile range, 4.3-11.2 mmol/L]; P = .044), and need for open abdomen (3% vs 15%; P = .024) were significantly higher. Logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative high activated partial thromboplastin time (P = .02), intraoperative lactate levels at end of surgery (P = .02), and need for open abdomen (P = .03) were independent risk factors for acute kidney injury. Children who developed acute kidney injury had significantly longer intensive care unit stay (7.1 +/- 8.5 vs 4.4 +/- 5.4 days, P = .04) and mortality (12.8% vs 1.8%; P = .01). Conclusions: Early postoperative acute kidney injury occurred in 34.2% of pediatric liver transplant recipients, with patients having increased mortality risk. High preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time, high intraoperative end of surgery lactate levels, and need for open abdomen were shown to be associated with acute kidney injury after pediatric liver transplant.
Effects of Minimal Flow Sevoflurane or Desflurane Anaesthesia on Hemodynamic Parameters, Body Temperature and Anaesthetic Consumption
(2020) Taskın, Duygu; Gedik, Ender; Kayhan, Zeynep; 0000-0002-7175-207X; 0000-0003-0579-1115; 33103139; ABI-2971-2020; AAJ-4623-2021
Objective: We aimed to compare minimal flow sevoflurane and desflurane anaesthesia in terms of hemodynamic parameters, body temperature, anaesthetic gas consumption and cost. Methods: 120 patients with ASA I-II (>18yo) who underwent elective surgery for longer than 60 min after general anaesthesia were randomized into two groups. The Drager Perseus (R) A500 workstation was used. Pre-oxygenation was performed for 3 min with 6 L min(-1) to 100% oxygen. Fractional inspirium oxygen concentration (FiO(2)) was reduced to 40%, fresh gas flow was 4 L min(-1) after intubation. Sevoflurane or desflurane was started at 1.5 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC). When the MAC value reached 0.9, fresh gas flow was reduced to 0.5 L min(-1), FiO(2) was increased to 68%. At the end of the surgery, the vaporizer was switched off, the fresh gas flow was increased (4 L min(-1), FiO(2) 100%). When the train-of-four (TOF) ratio was 100%, extubation was carried out. Results: There were no differences in patient characteristics and initial hemodynamic parameters of the groups. There were statistically significant differences between the times to reach 0.9 MAC, extubation and eye opening; anaesthetic, O-2 and air consumption in both groups. Conclusion: With minimal flow, the time to reach target MAC, time to extubation and eye opening were significantly faster for desflurane and anaesthetic, oxygen and air consumption in desflurane anaesthesia were less than sevoflurane. Thus, we can say that desflurane has faster anaesthetic induction and recovery time with lower anaesthetic consumption than sevoflurane.
Ethics and Clinical Communications
(2023) Yesiler, Fatma Irem; Gedik, Ender
The diagnosis of brain death has medical, legal and ethical aspects. While the main determinant is the medical approach of the physician in terms of ethics, legal situations are also effective in the process. Non-harm, beneficence, respect for autonomy and justice are the principles that are widely accepted and form the basis of medical ethics. Understanding these principles is a must in order to talk about the ethics of brain death and organ transplantation. In the process of diagnosis and management of brain death, the physician should convey the process to the relatives of the patients in a clear and understandable language and in accordance with the educational-cultural levels of the relatives of the patients. The fact that the concept of brain death is misunderstood in the society or lack of knowledge creates social ethical problems. Special training should be given to health professionals for brain death awareness and early diagnosis, and their ability to resolve ethical problems should be strengthened. Human resources are of great importance in the diagnosis of brain death and in the process of organ transplantation from a cadaver. Communication skills are the mainstay of interaction within the clinic. Organ transplant coordinators should run the process smoothly by creating a bridge between the physician responsible for the case and the intensive care physicians. Such an approach will reduce ethical issues and ensure a successful diagnosis and donation process.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Living-Related Liver Transplant
(2015) Gedik, Ender; Celik, Muhammet Reha; Otan, Emrah; Disli, Olcay Murat; Erdil, Nevzat; Bayindir, Yasar; Kutlu, Ramazan; Yilmaz, Sezai; 0000-0002-7175-207X; 25894176; ABI-2971-2020
Various types of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation methods have been used in liver transplant operations. The main indications are portopulmonary or hepatopulmonary syndromes and other cardiorespiratory failure syndromes that are refractory to conventional therapy. There is little literature available about extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, especially after liver transplant. We describe our experience with 2 patients who had living-related liver transplant. A 69-year-old woman had refractory aspergillosis pneumonia and underwent pumpless extracorporeal lung assist therapy 4 weeks after liver transplant. An 8-month-old boy with biliary atresia underwent urgent liver transplant; he received venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy on postoperative day 1. Despite our unsuccessful experience with 2 patients, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and pumpless extracorporeal lung assist therapy for liver transplant patients may improve prognosis in selected cases.
Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes and Low Platelet Syndrome: Outcomes for Patients Admitted to Intensive Care at A Tertiary Referral Hospital
(2017) Gedik, Ender; Yucel, Neslihan; Sahin, Taylan; Koca, Erdinc; Colak, Yusuf Ziya; Togal, Turkan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-207X; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-2614; 27599183; ABI-2971-2020; ABI-3412-2020
Purpose: The aim was to assess outcomes for pregnancies in which hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet (HELLP) syndrome develops and the patient requires transfer for critical care. Materials and Methods: The cases of women with HELLP syndrome who delivered at our tertiary center or surrounding hospitals and were admitted to the intensive care between January 2007 and July 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Results were compared for the surviving and non-surviving patients. Results: Among the 77 women with HELLP syndrome, maternal mortality rate was 14% and 24 (30%) of 81 fetuses and newborns died in the perinatal period. The most common maternal complications were disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (n = 22; 29%), acute renal failure (n = 19; 25%), and postpartum hemorrhage (n = 16; 21%). Compared with surviving women, the non-surviving women had higher mean international normalized ratio (INR) (p < 0.0001); higher mean serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p < 0.0001); higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p < 0.0001); higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p < 0.0001), and higher bilirubin (p = 0.040) levels; and lower platelet count (p = 0.005). Conclusion: DIC is a major risk factor for maternal outcome among patients with HELLP syndrome who require intensive care. Low platelet count; high AST, ALT, LDH, INR; and total bilirubin are associated with high mortality risk in this patient group. In addition, low platelet count; low fibrinogen level; prolonged activated thromboplastin time; high INR; and high total bilirubin, LDH, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine are associated with high risk for complications in this patient group.
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Prolonged Intensive Care Unit Stay After Open Heart Surgery Among Elderly Patients
(2022) Yesiler, Fatma Irem; Akmatov, Nursultan; Nurumbetova, Oktom; Beyazpinar, Deniz Sarp; Sahinturk, Helin; Gedik, Ender; Zeyneloglu, Pinar; 0000-0003-0159-4771; 36540477; AAJ-1419-2021
Objective: Open heart surgery (OHS) is frequently performed on elderly patients. We aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay in elderly patients undergoing open heart surgery. Materials and Methods: Medical records of all patients > 75 years who underwent OHS (coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/or heart valve surgery) between June 1, 2013, and December 31, 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. Those staying in the ICU longer than five days were determined as prolonged ICU stay. Patients were divided into two groups, according to ICU stay <5 days and >5 days. Results: Out of the 198 patients included in the study, 130 (65.7%) were male. Seventy patients (35.4%) had prolonged ICU stay. The mean age was higher in patients within the prolonged ICU stay group when compared to the other group (79.9 +/- 3.5 years vs.78.1 +/- 2.7 years, p<0.001). The patients who used statins and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in the preoperative period had a shorter ICU stay compared to those who did not (45% vs 31.4%, p=0.04; 57% vs 42.9%, p=0.03). The history of previous thoracic surgery (2.3% vs 10% p=0.03), emergency surgery (12.5% vs 24.5% p=0.04), and preoperative pacemaker usage (0.8% vs 7%, 1 p=0.01) were higher in the group of patients with prolonged ICU stay compared to the other group. Preoperative ejection fraction (EF)% (47.7 +/- 11.3 vs 51.1 +/- 8.8, p<0.001) and hemoglobin level (11.8 +/- 1.9 mg/dL vs 12.9 +/- 1.6, p<0.001) were lower in the group with prolonged ICU stay compared to the other group. Incidence of cardiac arrest (3.9% vs 15.7% p=0.006), presence of arrhythmia (16.4% vs 41.6%,p<0.001), frequency of pacemaker and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) usage (0 vs 10% p=0.002; 1.6% vs 8.6% p=0.02), and need for renal replacement therapy (3.1% vs 12.9%,p=0.02) were higher in the group with prolonged ICU stay compared to the other group. According to the logistic regression analysis; higher age (OR: 1.225, 95%CI 1.104-1.360, p<0.001), preoperative pacemaker usage (OR: 0.100, 95%CI 0.01-0.969, p<0.04), preoperative statin non-use (OR: 2.056, 95%CI 1.040-4.066, p<0.03) and preoperative low EF (OR: 0.947, 95%CI 0.915-0.981, p=0.002) were determined as independent risk factors for prolonged ICU stay. Conclusion: The incidence of prolonged ICU stay after OHS among patients >75 years was 35.4% in our cohort. Higher age, preoperative pacemaker usage, preoperative statin non-use, and low preoperative EF were associated with prolonged ICU stay.
Late Intensive Care Unit Admission in Liver Transplant Recipients: 10-Year Experience
(2015) Atar, Funda; Gedik, Ender; Kaplan, Serife; Zeyneloglu, Pinar; Pirat, Arash; Haberal, Mehmet; 0000-0002-3462-7632; 0000-0002-7175-207X; 0000-0003-2312-9942; 0000-0001-6762-895X; 26640903; AAJ-8097-2021; ABI-2971-2020; C-3736-2018; GLV-1652-2022
Objectives: We evaluated late intensive care unit admission in liver transplant recipients to identify incidences and causes of acute respiratory failure in the postoperative period and to compare these results with results in patients who did not have acute respiratory failure. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively screened the data of 173 consecutive adult liver transplant recipients from January 2005 through March 2015 to identify patients with late admission (> 30 d posttransplant) to an intensive care unit. Patients were divided into 2 groups: patients with and without acute respiratory failure. Acute respiratory failure was defined as severe dyspnea, respiratory distress, decreased oxygen saturation, hypoxemia or hypercapnia on room air, or need for noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation. Demographic, laboratory, clinical, and respiratory data were collected. Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores; lengths of intensive care unit and hospital stays; and hospital mortality were assessed. Results: Among 173 patients, 37 (21.4%) were admitted to an intensive care unit, including 22 (59.5%) with acute respiratory failure. The leading cause of acute respiratory failure was pneumonia (n = 19, 86.4%). Patients with acute respiratory failure had significantly lower levels of albumin before intensive care unit admission (P =.003). In patients with acute respiratory failure, severe sepsis and septic shock were more frequently observed and tracheotomy was more frequently performed (P=.041). Conclusions: Acute respiratory failure developed in 59.5% of liver transplant recipients with late intensive care unit admission. The leading cause was pneumonia, with this group of patients having higher requirements for invasive mechanical ventilation and tracheotomy, longer stays in an intensive care unit, and higher mortality.
Left Ventricular Assist Device As The Bridge to Heart Transplantation: Five-Case Series
(2016) Firat, Aynur Camkiran; Akovali, Nukhet; Gedik, Ender; Zeyneloglu, Pinar; Ozkan, Murat; Sezgin, Atilla; Pirat, Arash; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-207X; ABI-2971-2020
Minimal akımlı sevofluran ve desfluran anestezilerinin hemodinami, vücut sıcaklığı ve anestezik tüketimi üzerine etkileri
(Başkent Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, 2018) Taşkın, Duygu; Gedik, Ender
Genel anestezi, intravenöz olarak uygulanan sedatif hipnotikler sonrasında idame için taşıyıcı medikal gaz içinde inhalasyon anesteziklerinin uygulanmasıyla sağlanır. Taşıyıcı gazın miktarı anestezi hızını, derinliğini, inhale edilen gaz ve buharların tüketimini belirler. Düşük akımlı anestezi, yeniden soluma sistemi kullanılarak karbondioksit (CO2) absorbsiyonundan sonra ekshale edilen gaz karışımının en az %50’sinin akciğerlere geri dönmesiyle sonuçlanan bir tekniktir. Minimal akımlı anestezi ise bir çeşit düşük akım tekniği olup taze gaz akımının 0,5 mL/dk’ya düşürüldüğü anestezi yöntemidir. Minimal akımlı anestezinin klinik, ekolojik ve ekonomik açıdan üstünlükleri bulunmaktadır. Güncel genel anestezi pratiğinde yaygın olarak kullanılan sevofluran ve desfluranın düşük kan/gaz çözünürlüğüne sahip olmaları ve modern anestezi cihazlarının teknik üstünlükleri, bu ajanların düşük ve minimal akımlı anestezi için ideal ve güvenli inhalasyon anestezikleri olarak seçilmelerini sağlamıştır. Çalışmamızda minimal akımlı sevofluran ve desfluran anestezilerinin hemodinamik parametreler, vücut sıcaklığı, anestezik tüketimi ve maliyet açısından karşılaştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışmamıza etik kurul onayı alındıktan sonra genel anestezi altında 60 dakikadan uzun sürmesi beklenen elektif cerrahi geçirecek 18 yaş ve üzeri, ASA I-II fiziksel statüye sahip 120 hasta dahil edildi. Minimal akım kullanma imkanı veren Dräger Perseus® A500 anestezi iş istasyonu kullanıldı. Hastalar randomize olarak sevofluran (Grup S) ve desfluran (Grup D) gruplarına ayrıldı. Operasyon odasına alınan hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, vücut ağırlığı, boy, vücut yüzey alanı gibi demografik bilgileri kaydedildi. İndüksiyon öncesi elektrokardiyogram (EKG), non-invaziv kan basıncı, pulse oksimetre, indüksiyon sonrası nazofarengeal vücut sıcaklığı, endtidal karbondioksit basıncı (EtCO2) ve train-of-four (TOF) monitorizasyonu yapıldı. Ameliyathane oda sıcaklığı sabit tutuldu. Bazal vital ölçümler kaydedildi. Tüm olgulara 6 L/dk’dan %100 oksijen (O2) ile üç dakika süreyle pre-oksijenizasyon yapıldı. Kırk mg prilokain, 2,5 mg/kg propofol, 1 μg/kg fentanil ve 0,6 mg/kg roküronyum bromür sonrası endotrakeal entübasyon yapıldı. Entübasyon sonrası fraksiyone inspiratuar oksijen konsantrasyonu (FiO2) %40’a, taze gaz akımı 4 L/dk’ya indirildi ve hastanın grubuna göre minimum alveoler konsantrasyon (MAK) 1,5 olacak şekilde sevofluran veya desfluran başlandı. Taşıyıcı gaz olarak medikal hava kullanıldı. Olgular volüm kontrollü modda, tidal hacim 6-8 mL/kg, solunum frekansı 12/dakika, ekspirasyon sonu pozitif basınç (PEEP) 5 cmH2O olacak şekilde ventile edildi. EtCO2 değeri 30-40 mmHg olarak hedeflendi. Tüm olgularda FiO2, fraksiyone inspiratuar karbondioksit konsantrasyonu (FiCO2), fraksiyone inspiratuar ajan konsantrasyonu (Fiajan), fraksiyone ekspiratuar ajan konsantrasyonu (Feajan) izlendi. İki grupta da MAK değeri 0,9’a ulaştığında taze gaz akımı 0,5 L/dk olarak düşürüldü ve FiO2 %68’e çıkarıldı. Bu MAK değeri vakanın sonuna kadar korundu. Kalp hızı, sistolik arteriyel basınç (SAB), diyastolik arteriyel basınç (DAB), ortalama arter basıncı (OAB) ve periferik oksijen saturasyonu (SpO2) indüksiyon sonrası 1., 5., 10., 15., 30. ve sonrasında 30 dakikada bir; nazofarengeal vücut sıcaklığı, Fiajan, Feajan, FiO2, FiCO2, MAK değerleri, ekspiryum dakika volümü (MVe) ve EtCO2 indüksiyon sonrası 5., 10., 15., 30. ve sonrasında 30 dakikada bir kayıt edildi. Cerrahi işlem sonlanınca vaporizatör kapatıldı ve taze gaz akımı artırıldı (4 L/dk, FiO2 %100). Manuel solutma ile hastanın spontan solunuma geçmesi sağlandı, kas gevşetici antagonize edildi. Vaporizatör kapatıldıktan sonraki 3., 6. dakikalarda ve sonrasında dakikada bir hastalara göz açma komutu verildi. TOF oranı %100 olduğunda ekstübasyon gerçekleştirildi. Ekstübasyona kadar geçen süre ve göz açma süresi kayıt edildi. Biro’nun formülünün ve Dräger Perseus® A500 anestezi iş istasyonunun tüketim hesapları karşılaştırıldı. Grup S ve Grup D’de hastaların demografik verileri ve hemodinamik parametreleri benzerdi. MAK’ın 0,9’a ulaşma, ekstübasyon ve göz açma sürelerinde; anestezik, O2 ve hava tüketimlerinde, Biro’nun formülünün ve Dräger Perseus® A500 anestezi iş istasyonunun tüketim hesaplarında her iki grupta anlamlı farklılık saptandı. Diğer verilerde iki grup arasında istatistiksel fark bulunmadı. Çalışmamızda vaka başına sevofluran tüketimi 23,6 ± 10,9 mL, desfluran tüketimi 31,6 ± 12,0 mL olarak bulundu. Biro’nun formülüne göre sevofluran tüketimi 11,5 ± 3,8 mL, desfluran tüketimi 21,6 ± 8,1 mL olarak hesaplandı. Sevofluran grubunda oksijen tüketimi 115,2 ± 34,0 L, hava tüketimi 49,8 ± 19,5 L, MAK‘ın 0,9’a ulaşma süresi 7,3 ± 3,2 dk, ekstübasyon süresi 7,1 ± 2,5 dk, göz açma süresi 10,7 ± 2,7 dk iken desfluran grubunda oksijen tüketimi 95,7 ± 19,6 L, hava tüketimi 32,5 ± 11,8 L, MAK‘ın 0,9’a ulaşma süresi 4,2 ± 1,5 dk, ekstübasyon süresi 6,1 ± 1,8 dk, göz açma süresi 7,9 ± 2,2 dk olarak bulundu. Çalışmamızda minimal akımlı desfluran uygulaması ile sevoflurana göre daha hızlı hedef MAK değerine ulaşıldığı, ekstübasyon ve göz açma sürelerinin daha kısa olduğu, anestezik, O2 ve hava tüketimlerinin daha az olduğu görüldü. Bu bulgularla desfluran ile daha hızlı uyku ve uyanıklığa geçiş olduğunu ve bu hızlı geçişin de anestezik tüketimini azalttığını söyleyebiliriz.Sonuç olarak; minimal akımlı desfluran anestezisinin, minimal akımlı sevofluran anestezisine göre daha olumlu sonuçları olduğunu ve bu sonuçların daha kapsamlı çalışmalarla desteklenmesi gerektiği kanaatindeyiz. General anesthesia is achieved by administration of inhalation anesthetics in the carrier medical gas after intravenous sedative hypnotics. The amount of carrier gas determines the rate of anesthesia, its depth, and the consumption of inhaled gases and vapors. Low flow anesthesia is a technique that results in return of at least 50% of the exhaled gas after carbondioxide (CO2) absorption using the re-breathing system. Minimal flow anesthesia is a kind of low flow anesthesia technique in which fresh gas flow is reduced to 0.5 mL/min. Minimal flow anesthesia has clinical, ecological and economical advantages. The low blood-gas solubility of sevoflurane and desflurane, which are commonly used in current general anesthesia practice, and the technical superiority of modern anesthesia devices ensure that these agents are selected as suitable and safe inhalation anesthetics for low and minimal flow anesthesia. In this study, we aimed to compare the minimal flow sevoflurane and desflurane anesthesia in terms of hemodynamic parameters, body temperature, anesthetic gas consumption and cost. After the ethics committee approval, 120 patients with ASA I-II physical status over 18 years of age who underwent elective surgery for longer than 60 minute after general anesthesia were randomized into two groups: sevoflurane (Group S) or desflurane (Group D). The Dräger Perseus® A500 workstation that allows minimal flow was used. Patient characteristics as age, gender, body weight, height, body surface area were recorded. Before induction electrocardiogram, non-invasive blood pressure, pulse oximetry were monitored. Following induction nasopharyngeal body temperature, endtidal carbondioxide pressure (EtCO2) and train-of-four (TOF) monitoring were performed. In all cases, operating room temperature was kept constant. Initial vital measurements were recorded. Pre-oxygenation was performed for 3 minutes with 6 L/min to 100% oxygen in all cases. Endotracheal intubation was performed after administration of 40 mg prilocain, 2.5 mg/kg propofol, 1 μg/kg fentanyl and 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium bromide. Fractional inspirium oxygen concentration (FiO2), was reduced to 40% and fresh gas flow was 4 L/min after intubation and sevoflurane or desflurane was started as 1.5 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) according to the patient's group. Medical air was used as carrier gas. The cases were ventilated in volume controlled mode with 6-8 mL/kg tidal volume, 12 breaths/min and 5 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). EtCO2 was maintained 30-40 mmHg. In all cases FiO2, fractional inspirium carbondioxide pressure (FiCO2), fractional inspirium agent concentration (Fiagent), fractional expirium agent concentration (Feagent) were recorded. In both groups, when the MAC value reached 0.9, fresh gas flow was reduced to 0.5 L/min and FiO2 was increased to 68%. This MAC value was maintained until the end of the case. Hearth rate, systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded on the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th and 30th and then every 30 minutes; nasopharyngeal body temperature, Fiagent, Feagent, FiO2, FiCO2, MAC values, expirium minute ventilation (MVe) and EtCO2 were recorded on the 5th, 10th, 15th, 30th and then every 30 minutes after the induction. At the end of the surgery, the vaporizer was switched off and the fresh gas flow was increased (4 L/min, FiO2 100%). The patient was allowed to breath spontaneously with manual ventilation and muscle relaxant was antagonized. Eye opening command was given at the 3rd, 6th and then every minute. When the TOF ratio was 100%, extubation was carried out. The time to extubation and the eye opening time were recorded. There were no differences in patient characteristics and initial hemodynamic parameters of Group S and Group D. There were statistically significant differences between the times to reach 0.9 MAC, extubation and eye opening, anesthetic, O2 and air consumption, measurement of inhalation agent consumption with Biro’s formula and Dräger Perseus® A500 algorithm in both groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups concerning other data. Sevoflurane consumption per operation was 23.6 ± 10.9 mL, and desflurane consumption was 31.6 ± 12.0 mL. Mean value for sevoflurane consumption was 11.5 ± 3.8 mL, desflurane consumption was 21.6 ± 8.1 mL by calculated Biro's formula. For Group S, oxygen consumption was 115.2 ± 34.0 L, air consumption was 49.8 ± 19.5 L, time to reach 0.9 MAC was 7.3 ± 3.2 min, extubation was 7.1 ± 2,5 min and eye opening was 10.7 ± 2.7 min. For Group D, oxygen consumption was 95.7 ± 19.6 L, air consumption was 32.5 ± 11.8 L, time to reach 0.9 MAC was 4.2 ± 1.5 min, extubation was 6.1 ± 1.8 min and eye opening was 7.9 ± 2.2 min. With minimal gas flow; the times to reach target MAC, time to extubation and eye opening were significantly faster for desflurane as compared to sevoflurane and anesthetic, oxygen and air consumption in desflurane anesthesia were less than sevoflurane. With these findings, we can say that desflurane has a faster anesthetic induction and recovery times with lower anesthetic consumption.We concluded that minimal flow desflurane anesthesia has more favorable results than minimal flow sevoflurane anesthesia; however, these results should be supported by further studies.
A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Renal Transplant Recipient with Septic Shock and Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report
(2021) Yesiler, Fatma Irem; Yurtsever, Beyza Meltem; Gedik, Ender; Zeyneloglu, Pinar; Haberal, Mehmet; 0000-0002-0612-8481; 0000-0002-4737-7660; 0000-0002-7175-207X; 0000-0002-3462-7632; AAJ-4212-2021; ABI-2971-2020; AAJ-8097-2021
Extracorporeal blood purification (EBP) therapies, using oXiris (R) haemofilter, are popular and used globally in intensive care units for management of patients with septic acute kidney injury (AKI). Herein, we present a case of an immunocompromised renal transplant recipient with sepsis and AKI who was treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) using oXiris (R) haemofilter. A 45-year-old female who underwent cadaveric renal transplantation in 2015 was admitted due to septic shock secondary to Escherichia coli urinary tract infection (bacteraemia) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Her acute physiology and chronic health assessment score was 23, sepsis-related organ failure score was 11 and Glasgow coma scale was 15. She was intubated because of moderate ARDS and administered vasopressors due to hemodynamic instability. For immunosuppressive therapy, methylprednisolone (40 mg q12h) was administered. Antimicrobial therapies, including intravenous meropenem, linezolid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, voriconazole and oseltamivir, were administered. She exhibited metabolic acidosis and septic AKI and was classified as Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes stage 3. Therefore, CRRT with oXiris (R) haemofilter was administered at the 11th hour after admission. A full recovery of transplant renal function and diuresis was observed 7 days after admission. She was transferred to ward after 9 days and discharged after 2 weeks, without the requirement of RRT. EBP is proposed as an adjuvant therapy for sepsis and AKI. Solid organ transplant recipients with septic AKI may benefit from early usage of oXiris (R) haemofilter with CRRT as a novel approach for improving survival and clinical outcomes.