Browsing by Author "Erdogan, Cem"

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Detection of Resistance to Pyrethroid And Neonicotinoid Insecticides in the Greenhouse Whitefly, Trialeurodes Vaporariorum (Westw.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
(2021) Erdogan, Cem; Velioglu, A. Sibel; Gurkan, M. Oktay; Denholm, Ian; Moores, Graham D.
In Turkey as elsewhere, control of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westw.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), relies extensively on the use of insecticides, which can promote the development of insecticide resistance. In this study, resistance to commonly used pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides was investigated using bioassays and biochemical analyses. Full dose-response bioassays using 11 samples of T. vaporariorum from three locations in Turkey disclosed resistance up to 8.1-fold, 16-fold and 11.4-fold for the neonicotinoids acetamiprid, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, respectively. Corresponding figures for pyrethroids were 56.5-fold for cypermethrin and 116.4-fold for deltamethrin. All samples were characterized using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and by measuring non-specific esterase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity. There is no positive relationship between esterase activity and resistance pyrethroid or neonicotinoid resistance. It is thought that esterase enzyme activity seen in T. vaporariorum may be at lest partially related to the resistance to insecticides, but it cannot be responsible as a single mechanism. No relationship has been determined between GST activity and resistance to pyrethroids or neonicotinoids. The practical implications of these results for control of whiteflies are discussed.
Investigation Of Possible Use Of Pheromone Trap For Adult Population Development And Control Of Ips Sexdentatus (Börner, 1776) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Damaging Black Pine In Başkent University Bağlica Campus Afforestation Area
(TURKIYE ENTOMOLOJI DERGISI-TURKISH JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY, 2024-04-12) Erdogan, Cem
The six -toothed pine bark beetle, Ips sexdentatus (Borner, 1776) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is one of the important pests of Pinus and Picea species in the forests of Turkiye. Baskent University Baglica Campus was established in 1993 and approximately 5 million trees have been planted in the area to date, including those that have dried up. Pheromone traps were hung in campus for monitoring the adult population development, determining the flight activities of the insect and controlling it on IPM principles. The first adult emergence of I. sexdentatus in Baglica took place in the first half of April, the highest flight activity was in April. Ips sexdentatus produced three generations in the region. The highest numbers of adults caught in traps were 741 (27 July 2021) and 421 (25 April 2022), respectively. In the Baglica Campus, a total of over 19,000 insects were caught and eliminated. Almost 328 tC of carbon stock was preserved and prevented from being released into nature and at least 11.100 black pine trees were saved or 26.640 USD was contributed to the economy. Using pheromone traps for the control of I. sexdentatus is recommended as a sustainable method that protects biodiversity, without any disturbance of the ecological balance.
Resistance to Common Insecticides and Mechanisms of Resistance in Aphis Pomi De Geer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in Apple Orchards in Turkey
(2023) Erdogan, Cem; Ozdem, Ayse; Alpkent, Yasin Nazim; Demiroz, Duygu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9537-3536; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1501-1223; AAE-4306-2020; IZP-9920-2023
The Green apple aphid, Aphis pomi de Geer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the most common and serious insect pests of apple orchards in Turkey. This species feeds on succulent tissue of trees, which can lead to leaf curling, stunting, distorted tip growth, black-sooty mold, and a vector of some plant viruses. Growers prefer to apply insecticide applications heavily to control the green apple aphid in commercial apple orchards. However, there have not been conducted any research study on insecticide resistance of A. pomi in Turkey. The resistance status of A. pomi populations collected from commercially apple orchards in the Central Anatolia region was investigated to: acetamiprid (neonicotinoid), the specific aphicide pirimicarb (carbamate), beta-cyfluthrin (synthetic pyrethroid), and chlorpyrifos-ethyl (organophosphate) insecticides. All populations were characterised for the first time using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine the esterase banding patterns. Biochemical assays revealed higher activity of total esterase. This is the first study conducted to determine glutathione S-transferase activity related to the insecticide resistance of A. pomi. It was determined that the resistance levels reached to 14.93 fold to acetamiprid, 3.74 fold to beta-cyfluthrin, 4.19 fold to chlorpyrifos-ethyl, and 4.33 fold to pirimicarb. The present study revealed neonicotinoid, organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid resistance in A. pomi populations from the Central Anatolia Regions of Turkey. It also clearly showed that the enhanced esterase enzyme activity is the main resistance mechanism against carbamate pirimicarb resistance. The present study is the first insecticide resistance study on A. pomi for Turkey.
Risk Assessment and Selection of Plant Protection Products to be Used in Integrated Pest Management Programmes
(JOURNAL OF TEKIRDAG AGRICULTURE FACULTY-TEKIRDAG ZIRAAT FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2024-05-01) Erdogan, Cem
In Turkiye, it is important to carry out agricultural production in a sustainable manner by protecting biodiversity. Our country's agricultural sector has various problems in production, some of which have become chronic. There are many problems affecting agricultural production and productivity such as decreasing arable agricultural areas, increasing food demand, young generation moving away from agriculture, input costs, rural development, prevalence of small family farming and consequently fragmented land structure and climate change. One of the reasons affecting productivity in production is diseases, pests and weeds in agricultural production. The way of sustainable agricultural production by protecting biological diversity is through the implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). In Integrated Pest Management, it is essential to use all control methods against agricultural pests in harmony, and biological, biotechnical and cultural measures are prioritised. As a last resort, the application of Plant Protection Products (PPPs) is desired. For this reason, the PPS to be used should not be harmful to human health, should not cause environmental pollution, should not adversely affect parasitoids, predators, pollinators and should not cause residues in the products. In other words, it is essential that the application of PPPs should not be carried out randomly and unconsciously, but in a sustainable manner based on reason, science, knowledge and in a way that will help the conservation of biological diversity. In the selection of PPPs to be used in Integrated Pest Management, risk assessments are made by considering the effects of active substances on mammals, fish, non-target organisms (parasitoids, predators) and honey bees and their persistence in soil in order to reveal the risks that may occur in terms of human and environmental health, and priority is given to PPPs such as biologics and insect growth regulators. As a result of the risk assessment studies carried out, a total of 734 PPPs, including 495 active substances, 204 mixtures, 13 biological preparations, 21 biological control agents and 1 safener, were examined and the appropriate ones were presented to the service of our producers and our country's agriculture in the integrated control technical instructions.