Browsing by Author "Brimo, Nura"

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Antibody Immobilization Techniques in Mass Sensitive Immunosensor: Enhanced Sensitivity through Limited Mass Load
(2022) Kirali, Kubra; Brimo, Nura; Serdaroglu, Dilek Cokeliler; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3053-2169; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9604-263X; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8645-9047
Background: Biosensors are analytical devices that include a sample-delivery approach between a biological recognition element and a transducer required to convert the physicochemical change produced from the interaction of biological molecule-receptor interaction into a signal. The immunosensor is a special type of biosensor that includes an antibody as a biorecognition element to detect analytes as antigens. In mass sensitive sensors, antigen-antibody interactions can be specified by measuring the frequency change and the most commonly knowns are the surface acoustic wave, bulk acoustic wave, quartz crystal microbalance and microcantilevers. Methods: Different methods for antibody immobilization, including functionalization of the transducer surface with specific groups, have been reported for antibody immobilization. This stage affects the limit of detection and overall performance. In this review, perspectives on immobilization strategies of mass sensitive immunosensors according to transducer types will be presented. The choice of immobilization methods and their impact on performance in terms of capture molecule loading, orientation and signal improvement will also be discussed. Results: One of the most critical points during the configuration of the biorecognition layer is to improve the sensitivity. Therefore, we initially focused on comparisons of the antibody immobilization strategies in the biorecognition layer in terms of mass load level and high sensitivity. Conclusion: The lack of significant data on the mass accumulations up to the functionalization and antibody immobilization steps, which are the basis of immusensor production, has been identified. However, mass sensitive immunosensors have the potential to become more common and effective analytical devices for many application areas.
Comparing Antibiotic Pastes with Electrospun Nanofibers as Modern Drug Delivery Systems for Regenerative Endodontics
(2022) Brimo, Nura; Serdaroglu, Dilek Cokeliler; Uysal, Busra; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9604-263X; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8645-9047; 000847330300002
Nanomaterials can be applied in different biomedical applications like diagnosis, treatment, and drug delivery due to their unique features. Using such materials in the endodontic treatment processes may prove challenging as these materials must exhibit antibacterial effects without posing any harm to the host cells. The approach involving nanofibers loaded with various antibacterial drugs offers a potential treatment method to enhance the elimination procedure of intracanal biofilms. Clinically, many models of bacterial biofilms were prepared under in vitro conditions for different aims. The process of drug delivery from polymeric nanofibers is based on the principle that the releasing ratio of drug molecules increases due to the increase in the surface area of the hosted structure. Our review discusses diverse approaches to loading/releasing drugs on/from nanofibers; we summarized many studies on electrospun nanofibers loaded with various drugs applied in the endodontic field. Moreover, we discussed both the advantages and the limitations of these modern endodontic treatment materials, comparing them with the traditional ones.
Novel electrospun nanofibers loaded different medicament approaches as drug delivery systems for regenerative endodontics
(Başkent Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2020) Brimo, Nura; Çökeliler Serdaroğlu, Dilek
Generally, traumatic tooth injuries with incomplete apical development in addition to dental caries are common causes of pulpal necrosis or infections. Recently, regenerative endodontic therapy has changed the therapeutics of infected teeth to be a viable therapy option. Disinfection of the root canal is an essential step of the most clinically regenerative procedures. Mainly, it is accomplished with calcium hydroxide or antibiotic mixtures either double antibiotics paste (Metronidazole and Ciprofloxacin) or triple antibiotics paste (Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin, and Minocycline), which have gained increased interest to obtain maximum disinfection. Regrettably, even though the antimicrobial capabilities of these medicaments are renowned, recent findings showed negative effects of these forms such as cell toxicity, difficulties in completely removing of the antibiotics from the root canal system, and tooth discoloration associated with the use of high levels of antibiotics, which may lead to limit regenerative outcomes. Drug release systems have been proven to control infections by the controlled release of a wide variety of antibiotics. In light of this, the ability of nano/microfibers to deliver intracanal, uniform, and controlled amounts of drugs can lead to positive therapy impacts through achieving lower toxicity effects associated with their paste forms and a bacteria-free environment conducive to tissue regeneration. In addition, these systems have a demonstrated significant clinical potential in order to translate fibrous mats coated gutta-percha cones into clinics for regenerative endodontics via their hand-ability, geometry, chemical, and physical prosperities. Here in this study, besides Ca(OH)2, Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin, and Minocycline were added to Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) polymer solution and spun into fibrous mats with separated, double, and triple forms. Fibers’ morphology, Fibers’ chemical characterization, physical and chemical characterization of the dentin surface were evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, Nano-SEM, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, respectively. Characterization of the gutta-percha cones after the air irradiation via plasma and after coating them with fiber mats was achieved by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and light microscope, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy results confirmed that electrospinning was able to produce antibiotic-containing fibers with diameters ranged between nano- and microscales. Nano-SEM and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy results presented that fibers mats achieved better affects on the chemical and morphological structures of the dentin tubules. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy results showed a better hydrophilic form of the gutta-percha surface in order to obtain a better coating process. Apikal gelişimi tamamlanmamış travmatik diş yaralanmaları; genellikle diş çürüklerine ek olarak pulpa nekrozu veya enfeksiyonlara neden olur. Son zamanlarda geliştirilen rejeneratif endodontik tedaviler, enfekte dişlerin tedavisinde terapötik ajanların uygulanmasını mümkün kıldı. Kök kanalının dezenfeksiyonu ise klinik olarak geliştirilen rejeneratif prosedürlerde karşılaşılan kritik noktalardan biridir. Performansı en yüksek dezenfeksiyonu elde etmek için kullanılan yöntemler kalsiyum hidroksit kullanılması, antibiyotik karışımları kullanılması ya da çift antibiyotikle hazırlanan macunların (Metronidazol ve Siprofloksasin) veya üçlü antibiyotik macunu (Metronidazol, Siprofloksasin ve Minosiklin) kullanılması şeklinde belirtilebilir. Her ne kadar bu ilaçların antimikrobiyal yetenekleri biliniyor olsa da son bulgular göstermiştir ki hücre toksisitesi üzerinde, antibiyotiklerin kök kanal sisteminden tamamen çıkarılmasında ve yüksek seviyede antibiyotik kullanılmasına bağlı olarak dişte renk değişikliği gibi olumsuz etkilere sebep olmaktadır. Bu olumsuz etkilere antibiyotiklerin rejeneratif yeteneklerini sınırlandırabilmektedir. İlaç salınım sistemlerinin ise çeşitli antibiyotiklerin kontrollü salınımını sağlayabildiği için enfeksiyon tedavisinde başarılı oldukları kanıtlanmıştır. Bu veriler ışığında nano/mikrofiberlerin ise kanal içi, tek tip ve kontrollü miktarlarda ilaç verme yetenekleri ve macunsu formları sayesinde bakteri içermeyen bir ortamda doku rejenerasyonuna yardımcı olabileceği çıkarımı yapılabilir. Buna ek olarak bu sistemler el becerisi, geometrisi, kimyasal ve fiziksel zenginlikleri aracılığıyla, gutta-perka konileri ile kaplanmış lifli matlar sayesinde rejeneratif endodonti kliniklerinde kullanılmak üzere önemli bir klinik potansiyele sahiptir.Bu çalışmada; Poli(vinilpirolidon) polimer çözeltisine Ca(OH)2'nin yanı sıra Metronidazol, Siprofloksasin ve Minosiklin ilave edilerek ayrılmış, ikili ve üçlü formlarda lifli matlar hazırlanmıştır. Fiberlerin morfolojisi, Fiberler'in kimyasal karakterizasyonu, dentin yüzeyinin fiziksel ve kimyasal karakterizasyonu, sırasıyla Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu ve Enerji Dağılımlı X-Işını Spektroskopisi, Nano-SEM ve Fourier Dönüşümü Kızılötesi Spektroskopi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Gutta-perka konilerinin karakterizasyonu ise, plazma yoluyla hava ışınlamasından sonra ve fiber matlarla kaplandıktan sonra sırasıyla X-Ray Fotoelektron Spektroskopisi ve ışık mikroskobu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen testlerde, Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu ve Enerji Dağılımlı X-Işını Spektroskopisi sonuçları, elektroeğirme'nin, nano- ve mikro-ölçekler arasında değişen çaplarda antibiyotik içeren lifler üretebildiğini doğrulamıştır. Nano-SEM ve Fourier Dönüşümü Kızılötesi Spektroskopi sonuçları, fiber matların dentin tübüllerinin kimyasal ve morfolojik yapıları üzerinde daha iyi etkiler sağladığını göstermiştir. X-Işını Fotoelektron Spektroskopisi sonuçları ise Gutta-perka yüzeyinin daha iyi kaplama elde etmek için iyi bir hidrofilik forma sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.