Browsing by Author "Arhun, Neslihan"

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Awareness about dental amalgam among Turkish dentists and patients: a questionnaire and search engine based cross-sectional study
(2020) Ercin, Ozlem; Berkmen, Begum; Durukan, Elif; Arhun, Neslihan; 0000-0002-8579-5564; 0000-0003-3379-4567; 32996144; AAJ-8621-2021; ABE-4519-2020; R-2536-2019
Objectives There has been considerable controversy concerning the health risks and benefits of using mercury-containing amalgam. This study aimed to evaluate the Turkish dentists' and patients' preference and opinion about amalgam and to assess Internet search trends about amalgam. Methods The study consists of three stages. The first two stages of the study are cross-sectional studies to verify both the patients' perception with amalgam restorations and dentists' attitudes regarding the use of dental amalgam. The third stage of the study evaluated the Internet search trends of Turkish people about mercury and amalgam related concerns between 2004 and 2018. Results A total of 320 patients (180 female, 140 male) and 1,211 dentists (533 female, 678 male) participated in this study. Majority of the patients have no idea about the type of dental restorations and effect of dental materials on their health. 188 (58.8%) participants stated that they would not prefer amalgam restoration in their teeth as amalgam is unaesthetic. A total of 24% (291) of the dentists used amalgam routinely; 9.5% (156) of them used amalgam rarely, and 63.1% (764) did not use amalgam at all. The reason for not using amalgam included the patients' desire and unaesthetic properties. According to the Internet search trends, Turkish people do not know as much about amalgam as people in the rest of the world. Conclusion Awareness about dental amalgam is low among patients studied. Although dentists do not use dental amalgam frequently, they disagree on banning dental amalgam.
Clinical Evaluation of Resin-Based Composites in Posterior Restorations: A 3-Year Study
(2014) Celik, Cigdem; Arhun, Neslihan; Yamanel, Kivanc; 25115230
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a nanohybrid and a microhybrid composite in class I and II restorations after 3 years. Subjects and Methods: A total of 82 class I and class II restorations were performed in 31 patients (10 males and 21 females) using Grandio and QuiXfil with self-etch adhesives (Futurabond and Xeno III). The restorations were clinically evaluated by 2 operators 1 week after placement (baseline) and at 6 months and 1, 2, and 3 years using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. At the 3-year follow-up, 62 class I and class II cavities were reevaluated in 23 patients (7 males and 16 females). Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's. 2 and Fisher's exact tests (p < 0.05). Results: At the 6-month follow-up, all restorations received Alfa scores with respect to each evaluation criterion. At the 1-year follow-up, 2 QuiXfil restorations had to be replaced and Grandio restorations started to deteriorate in terms of marginal adaptation. At the end of 2 years, 9 Grandio restorations showed significant deterioration of the surface properties, demonstrating Bravo scores. At the end of 3 years, no significant differences were observed regarding color match, marginal adaptation, secondary caries, marginal discoloration, and anatomic form loss between the evaluated materials in 25 class I and 37 class II restorations. At the 3-year follow-up, Grandio restorations had 21% Bravo scores and showed significant deterioration of the surface properties, which were still clinically acceptable according to USPHS criteria. Three QuiXfil and 1 Grandio restorations were replaced because of secondary caries and loss of retention. Conclusions: Both the nanohybrid (Grandio) and the microhybrid (QuiXfil) composites were clinically functional after 3 years. (C) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Comparison of Microleakage of A Multi-Mode Adhesive System with Contemporary Adhesives in Class II Resin Restorations
(2014) Tuncer, Duygu; Celik, Cigdem; Cehreli, Sevi Burcak; Arhun, Neslihan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5936-0196; AAA-1576-2021; AAD-6138-2021; R-2536-2019
Aim: The aim was to compare the microleakage of resin composite bonded with different adhesive systems in class-II cavities at enamel or dentine margins. Material and methods: 60 extracted human molar teeth received slot cavity preparations on mesial and distal surfaces (mesial cervical margin was prepared in enamel and distal in dentine). They were randomly divided into five groups (n=12) according to the adhesive system: Group-A: Silorane Bond (S), Group-B: Adper Single Bond 2 (SB), Group-C: Clearfil SE Bond (CSE), Group-D: Single Bond Universal (USel) (selective etch-and-rinse), Group-E: Single Bond Universal (USE) (all-in-one). The preparations were restored using the same resin composite (Filtek Ultimate) except Group A which was restored by Silorane composite. The teeth were thermocycled, immersed in dye, sectioned, and dye penetration was evaluated quantitatively using image analysis. The data were analyzed using the two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni test. Results: In all groups, there was no statistically significant difference between enamel margins at occlusal and gingival sites (p>0.05). The statistical difference between Group-A (S) and Group-B (SB) was significant at all margins. Group-B (SB) presented the greatest microleakage amounts at all margins and the highest scores were obtained in the dentine. Likewise, SB demonstrated statistically significant differences between dentine and enamel margins (occlusal and gingival)(p<0.05). Conclusion: All adhesive systems showed similar microleakage values between enamel margins in occlusal and gingival regions. However, when the gingival margin is located in the dentine, etch&rinse adhesive systems may not be a choice in terms of microleakage prevention.
Dental Students' Ability to Assess Their Performance in a Preclinical Restorative Course: Comparison of Students' and Faculty Members' Assessments
(2015) Tuncer, Duygu; Arhun, Neslihan; Yamanel, Kivanc; Celik, Cigdem; Dayangac, Berrin; 0000-0002-5936-0196; 26034030; R-2536-2019; AAA-1576-2021
Dental education consists of both theoretical and practical learning for students to develop competence in treating patients clinically. When dental students encounter practical courses in their first year as a new educational experience, they must also learn to evaluate themselves. Self-evaluation is an essential skill to learn for dental professionals to keep increasing their competence over the course of their careers. The aim of this study was to compare the assessment scores of second- and third-year dental students and the faculty in two consecutive preclinical practical exams in restorative dentistry courses in a dental school in Turkey. Faculty- and student-assigned scores were calculated from two consecutive preclinical examinations on tooth restorations performed on both artificial casts and phantom patients. The students were formally instructed on grading procedures for tooth preparations, base and restoration placement, and polishing criteria. After each step, each item was assessed by faculty members, the student, and another student. The results indicated that the initial differences between second-year students' assessments of their own preclinical practical ability and that of the faculty decreased among the third-year students. Self-evaluation scores did not indicate whether the third-year students tended to over- or underestimate the quality of their own work. However, the second-year students not only overestimated themselves but thought they were above average. The results point to the need to develop students' self-insight with more exercises and practical training.
Deproteinizasyonun çürükten etkilenmiş dentin yüzeyine adezyona etkisinin değerlendirilmesi
(Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2020) Berkmen, Begüm; Arhun, Neslihan
Bu in-vitro çalışmanın amacı çürükten etkilenmiş dentinin NaOCl ile deproteinizasyonunun, farklı adeziv sistemler kullanılarak yerleştirilen rezin kompozit ile çürükten etkilenmiş dentin arayüzünün mikro-BT ile değerlendirilmesidir. Bu çalışmada yakın zamanda çekilmiş 96 adet çürüklü insan molar dişi kullanılmıştır ve dişler oda sıcaklığında salin solüsyonunda bekletilmiştir. Dişler, 10 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm silikon ölçü materyalinden hazırlanan kalıplar içerisine mine-sement sınırına kadar soğuk akril (Meliodent, Heraeus Kulzer, Almanya) dökülerek yerleştirilmiştir. Çürük dentine ulaşabilmek için dişlerin mine dokusu uzaklaştırılarak çürük dentin ekskavatör ve çelik rond frez yardımıyla temizlenmiştir. Çürükten etkilenmiş dentin sond ile muayene, renk değerlendirmesi ve gözle muayene sonucu sert, parlak ve koyu renkli tespit edilmiştir. Çürükten etkilenmiş dentin yüzey sertlikleri mikrosertlik testiyle mikrosertlik cihazında, her örnek için minimum uzaklık 40 μm olacak şekilde 3 farklı noktadan 15 sn süre ile 1 Newton kuvvet uygulanarak kontrol edilmiştir. Hazırlanan örnekler rastgele deproteinizasyon işlemi uygulanmayan (Grup A; n =48; kontrol grubu) ve deproteinizasyon işlemi uygulanan (Grup B; n =48; deneysel grup) örnekler olacak şekilde iki ana gruba ayrılmıştır. Bu ana gruplar, uygulanan adeziv sistemlere göre 4 alt gruba ayrılmıştır: Grup ASB ve BSB örneklerine iki aşamalı etch and rinse adeziv sistem uygulanmış; Grup ASE ve BSE örneklerine iki aşamalı self-etch adeziv sistem uygulanmış; Grup AQER ve BQER örneklerine universal adeziv sistem etch and rinse modunda uygulanmış; Grup AQSE ve BQSE örneklerine üniversal adeziv sistem self-etch modunda uygulanmıştır. Grup ASB, ASE, AQER ve AQSE örneklerine üreticinin talimatlarına göre adeziv sistemler uygulanmıştır. Grup BSB örnekleri 15 sn %37’lik fosforik asit ile pürüzlendirilip su ile yıkandıktan sonra aplikatörle 15 sn %6 NaOCl ile deproteinizasyon uygulanmış, su ile durulanmış ve adeziv sistem uygulanıp 10 sn ışıkla polimerize edilmiştir. Grup BSE örneklerine aplikatörle 15 sn %6 NaOCl ile deproteinizasyon uygulanmış, su ile yıkanmış ve adeziv sistem uygulanıp 10 sn ışıkla polimerize edilmiştir. Grup BQER örneklerine 10 sn K-etchant uygulanıp yıkandıktan sonra aplikatörle 15 sn %6 NaOCl ile deproteinizasyon uygulanmış, su ile durulanmış ve adeziv sistem uygulanıp 5 sn ışıkla polimerize edilmiştir. Grup BQSE örneklerine aplikatörle 15 sn %6 NaOCl ile deproteinizasyon uygulanmış, su ile yıkanmış ve adeziv sistem uygulanıp 5 sn ışıkla polimerize edilmiştir. Adeziv uygulanan örneklere plastik kalıplar kullanılarak 4 mm çap ve 4 mm yükseklik olacak şekilde IV A renginde bulk fill rezin kompozit bulk tekniği ile yerleştirilerek üreticinin talimatlarına göre 20 sn LED ışık cihazıyla polimerize edilmiştir. Hazırlanan tüm örnekler mikro-BT analizinden önce 37°C’ de distile su içerisinde bekletilmiştir. Mikroboşluk oluşumunun değerlendirmesi, mikrotomografi Skyscan 1174® cihazı ile yapılmıştır. Mikroboşluklar mm3 cinsinden değerlendirilmiştir ve taramalar TIFF formatında kaydedilmiştir. Sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak Kruskal Wallis ve Mann Whitney U testleri ile belirlendi.. Buna göre, deproteinizasyon uygulanmayan kontrol ve deproteinizasyon uygulanan deneysel gruplar arasında sadece Grup A Kontrol 1(ASB) ile Grup B Deneysel 1(BSB) örnekleri arasında mikroboşluk hacmi açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur(p=0,043) . Test edilen adeziv sistemlere göre mikroboşluk hacimleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of NaOCl deproteinization of the caries affected dentine on the gap formation at the adhesive interface treated with different adhesive systems with the use of micro-ct. In this study, 96 human molars with carious lesions were collected and stored in saline solution at room temperature. Teeth were placed into molds with cold acrylic made of 10mm x 10mm x 10mm silicone impression material up to cemento-enamel junction. Enamel portion of the teeth was trimmed to reach the carious dentine. The carious dentine was removed with the excavator and steel rond burs. Caries affected dentin was determined as hard, bright and dark colored as a result of visual inspection, color and dentin resistance to excavation. In the microhardness tester (HMV-2, Microhardness Tester Shimadzu, Japan), the hardness of the caries affected dentin surface was checked by applying 1 Newton force from 3 different points for 15 seconds at a minimum distance of 40 μm for each sample. Prepared samples were randomly divided into two main groups: samples that were not deproteinized (Group A; n = 48; control group) and samples that were deproteinized (Group B; n = 48; experimental group). These main groups are divided into 4 subgroups (n=12) according to the adhesive systems tested: Two-step etch and rinse system was applied to the Group ASB and BSB samples; Twostep self etching system was applied to the Group ASE and BSE samples; Universal adhesive sysem was applied in etch and rinse mode to the Group AQER and BQER samples; Universal adhesive system (was used in self etching mode to the Group AQSE and BQSE samples. Adhesive systems were applied to the Group ASB, ASE, AQER and AQSE samples according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Group BSB samples were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 s and washed by water, then deproteinized by application of 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 15 s with microbrush, rinsed with water and light cured for 10 s. Group BSE samples were deproteinized by application of 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 15 s with microbrush, rinsed with water, then adhesive system was applied and light cured for 10 s. Group BQER samples were etched with K-etchant for 10 s and washed by water, then deproteinized by application of 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 15 s with microbrush, rinsed with water and light cured for 5 s. Group BQSE samples were deproteinized by application of 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 15 s with microbrush, rinsed with water, then adhesive system was applied and light cured for 5s. The teeth were restored with bulk-fill composite resin with the help of molds of 4 mm diameter and 4 mm height according the manufacturer’s direction and light cured with LED for 20 s. All restored samples were stored in distilled water at 37°C prior to micro-CT analysis. The evaluation of microgap formation was done with the microtomography Skyscan 1174® device. Microgap formations are evaluated in mm3 and scans are recorded in TIFF format. Statistical analysis were done according to Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests. In terms of micro-gap formation, the only statistically significant difference was found between Group A Control 1(ASB) and Group B Experimental 1(BSB) samples (p=0,043). There was no statistically difference about micro-gap formation between tested adhesive systems.
Does Radiopacity of Restorative Materials Change with Aging?
(2017) Tuncer, Duygu; Gulsahi, Ayse; Cehreli, Sevi Burcak; Arhun, Neslihan; AAD-6138-2021; R-2536-2019
Background: Dental materials should be radiopaque enough to be identified from enamel and dentin and enable the detection of secondary caries, marginal defects. The aim was to evaluate the radiopacity of restorative materials after 6 months of aging in distilled water. Material and Methods: Twenty-two restorative materials were used and the radiopacity them were first evaluated after setting and after 6-months of storage in distilled water. Human primary and permanent tooth slices were also used in the study. Restorative material specimens were prepared by using Teflon molds. Twelve specimens were prepared for each material group. All specimens were exposed together with an aluminum stepwedge using a phosphor plate. The analysis was made with Digora system. Results: Filtek-Silorane, Aelite-LSPosterior, Theracal-LC, Biodentine, Ionofil-U, Vitrebond and GCP-Glass-Seal exhibited lower radiopacity values at the initial setting and after 6-months of aging with respect to permanent enamel. When compared with deciduous enamel, Filtek-Z550, Charisma, Riva-Light Cure and Equia-Fil exhibited lower radiopacity values at both readings. Spectrum-TPH, Filtek-Ultimate, Clearfil-Majesty Flow, Sultan-Versa, IRM and Adhesor exhibited statistically significant higher values of radiopacity at the 6-month evaluation. Conclusion: The radiopacity of restorative materials is dependent on the material type exerting different radiopacity values after 6-months.
Effect of A Calcium Phosphate-Containing Desensitizing Agent on Postoperative Sensitivity: A Split-Mouth, Randomized Controlled Study
(2023) Kerimova Kose, Leyla; Yilmaz, Ayfer Ezgi; Yamanel, Kivanc; Arhun, Neslihan; 37865810
Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of a calcium phosphate-containing-desensitizer (Teethmate Desensitizer - TD), caries type, subject age, and preoperative hypersensitivity on postoperative sensitivity (POS) after composite restorations on deep or extremely deep lesions. Methods: 50 subjects, having two teeth with deep or extremely deep caries, participated in this study. TD was applied randomly to one tooth of each participant, and all teeth were restored with composite resin (Filtek Z250). After 1 week, POS was evaluated according to NRS (numerical rating scale) and VAS (visual analogue scale) by using participant diaries. At 6 weeks, POS was assessed considering subjects' reports. The normality of data was analyzed with Shapiro-Wilk test. For analyses, Pearson's chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test were used, and the effect sizes (ES) were calculated (alpha= 0.05). Results: 47 of the participants completed the 6-week study. There was a small effect size noted for TD for NRS and VAS (P> 0.05, ES < 0.30). Also, there was no statistically significant difference between POS and subject age (P= 0.294, ES= 0.161), type of caries (P= 0.680, ES= 0.042) and preoperative sensitivity (P= 1.000, ES= 0.138) after the first week.
EVALUATION OF DENTAL AND PERIODONTAL HEALTH OF RENAL TRANSPLANT AND HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
(2020) Oduncuoglu, Bahar; Gulsahi, Ayse; Arhun, Neslihan; Colak, Turan; Haberal, Mehmet A.
How Does Radiotherapy Affect the Adhesion of Universal Adhesive to Enamel and Dentin? A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis?
(2022) Oglakci, Burcu; Burduroglu, Defne; Eri, Ali Hikmet; Mayadagli, Alpaslan; Arhun, Neslihan
This study investigated the shear bond strength (SBS) of a universal adhesive to enamel/dentin; 1) that had undergone radiotherapy (RT) and 2) that were readily restored and had undergone RT. Enamel and dentin surfaces were obtained from 90 intact human molars. They were randomly divided into six groups according to the presence and timing of irradiation (RTO:no radiotherapy/control, RT1:RT before restoration, RT2:RT after restoration groups) and adhesive application modes (etch&rinse/ER, self-etch/SE)(n=15). A universal adhesive and resin composites were applied. The radiotherapy protocol was conducted with 60 Gy. The SBS test was subjected (1mm/min) and failure type analysis was performed. The resin-enamel/ dentin interfaces were examined. Data were statistically analyzed. For enamel and dentin, the presence and timing of irradiation did not significantly influence the SBS values (p>0.05). For enamel, significantly higher SBS values were obtained using etch&rinse mode than self-etch mode (p<0.05). The predominant failure was mixed type. Loss of enamel prisms and obliterated irregular dentinal tubules were found for the radiotherapy-treated specimens. Resin tags were clearer in the irradiated enamel treated with ER than SE. Irradiation with different timings did not influence the bond strength to enamel and dentin, negatively. Irrespective of radiotherapy, the etch&rinse mode caused higher bond strength to enamel than self-etch mode.
Microtensile Bond Strength of Composite-to-Composite Repair with Different Surface Treatments and Adhesive Systems
(2014) Celik, Cigdem; Cehreli, Burcak Sevi; Bagis, Bora; Arhun, Neslihan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5936-0196; AAA-1576-2021; R-2536-2019
Objectives: The purpose was to investigate the effect of different surface treatments and bonding agents on the repair bond strength of different resin-based restorative materials by microtensile bond strength (TBS) testing protocol. Materials and Methods: 24 Grandio SO(VOCO) and 24 Filtek Z250(3M) resin composite blocks were prepared. Half of the samples (N=12) were diamond bur-roughened and the other half (N=12) were sandblasted by 50m aluminum oxide particles. They were further divided into four sub-groups (n=3) and received the following: Sub-Group1: Adper Single Bond2 (Etch&Rinse) (3M); Sub-Group2: Clearfil SE (Self-etch) (Kuraray); Sub-Group3: Beauty Bond (HEMA-free all-in-one) (Shofu); Sub-Group4: All Bond3 (HEMA-free, hydrophobic, etch&rinse) (Bisco). The samples were repaired by Filtek Z250 to form a block. All of the resultant sub-groups combinations consisted of one of the composite type, surface treatment type, and adhesive systems. A total of 18 groups were prepared including 2 homogeneous blocks. They were thermocycled and TBS measurements were performed. Data were statistically analyzed with Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The experimental regroups' TBS reached to 34.67-66.36% and 43.44-95.52% of the cohesive bond strength for Grandio SO and Z250, respectively. The pre-existing composite type is found to be statistically important. When the surface is bur-finished Grandio performed better; when air-abrasion is considered Z250 showed higher bond strength. All-in-one adhesive system produced the weakest bond strength at all parameters. Conclusion: It may be suggested that when the pre-existing composite is unknown, air-abrasion may be performed with etch&rinse or two-step self-etch adhesives.
The Practices of Treating Deep Carious Lesions Compared with the Dental Curriculum in Turkish Dentistry
(2022) Kerimova, Leyla; Karabulut, Erdem; Yamanel, Kivanc; Arhun, Neslihan
Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate Turkish dentists' opinions and preferences regarding the management of deep carious lesions and compare them with modern dental education concepts as provided by dental schools. Methods: Questionnaire 1 and Questionnaire 2 were sent separately to dental practitioners via the Turkish Dental Association and to university department heads of restorative dentistry. The data obtained were analyzed using chi-square tests and one-way ANOVA tests (p < 0.05). Results: Regarding Questionnaire 1, most of the dentists (89.3%) responded that caries lesions should be removed completely up to the hard cut-off condition of the cavity floor. There was a statistically significant difference between female and male dentists' preferences on less invasive treatment (p < 0.05). Female dentists prefer less invasive treatment compared with male dentists (p = 0.002). Relatively older dentists (mean age = 41.8) are more inclined towards complete caries removal even if pulp exposure is likely (p = 0.040). The results of Questionnaire 2 reveal that there is no association between the time spans of education at dental schools and their caries removal approach curriculum (p > 0.05). Most department heads of restorative dentistry prefer to apply complete caries removal (78.5%, n = 51). Conclusion: Despite today's curriculum encouraging less invasive caries removal techniques, most dentists prefer more invasive treatment options. Continuous education of contemporary dentistry could update these clinical treatment attitudes of dentists and improve their clinical practice.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SKELETAL AND MANDIBULAR/ALVEOLAR BONE QUALITY AFTER SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION
(2020) Oduncuoglu, Bahar; Gulsahi, Ayse; Arhun, Neslihan; Colak, Turan; Haberal, Mehmet A.
The shear bond strength of repaired high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites with different adhesive systems and resin composite types
(2019) Oglakci, Burcu; Arhun, Neslihan; 0000-0002-6587-5997
This study compared the effect of different adhesive systems and composite resins on the shear bond strength (SBS) of repaired high-viscosity bulk-fill composites(Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill) and investigated failure modes. One hundred twenty cylindrical bulk-fill composite blocks (diameter 5 mm) were fabricated and thermocycled for 5000 cycles (5-55 degrees C). Specimens were roughened by diamond bur and divided into 8 groups (n = 15). Bulk-fill blocks were repaired with the same material or nanohybrid composite resin(Tetric EvoCeram Nanohybrid) (diameter 3 mm) using different adhesive systems:Tetric N-Bond Universal (TSE);37% phosphoric acid etching + Tetric N-Bond Universal (TER); Clearfil SE Bond (CSE); 37% phosphoric acid etching + AdperSingle Bond 2(SB). After repair procedures, all specimens were thermocycled again. The shear bond strengths were measured for all specimens using a universal test machine (crosshead speed of 1 mm/min). Cohesive strengths of bulk-fill composites were measured and described as control group. Debonded surfaces were observed with a stereomicroscope under 10x magnification to determine mode of failure. The SBS data of all groups was statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction test (p < 0.05). The specimens repaired with bulk-fill composites showed significantly higher SBS values (25.86 +/- 5.74, 27.05 +/- 4.93, 24.49 +/- 6.95MPa) than those with nanohybrid composites (20.41 +/- 3.70, 22.08 +/- 6.37, 18.74 +/- 6.40 MPa) for TER,CSE,SB, respectively (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in SBS according to the type of adhesive systems for both repair materials (p > 0.05). The predominant mode of failure was a mixed type in the restorative material except for the ones repaired with nanohybrid composites using AdperSingle Bond 2. High-viscosity bulk-fill composites could be successfully repaired with the same materials. SBS of repaired bulk-fill composites reached cohesive strength for all tested groups.