Browsing by Author "Akdur, Recep"

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    Carrier Screening Programs for Rare Diseases in Developed Countries and the Case of Turkey: A Systematic Review
    (2023) Fidan, Caglar; Akdur, Recep; Unver, Cigdem Naz; Sahin, Omer Can; Alper, Asli Begum; Ayhan, Ali; 37662625
    Effective control of rare diseases requires health programs based on principles of protection and prevention. Carrier screening programs serve as preventive measures by identifying at -risk groups. This review examines the impact, implementation, advantages, and disadvantages of carrier screening, incorporating examples from ten countries: the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Israel, China, Australia, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, and Turkey. Data on carrier screening and related policies were collected from July to November 2022 and presented in a tabular format using a coding system devised by the authors. Variability was observed in the diseases/disorders and populations screened, screening expenses, and government provision across the countries. The number of diseases/disorders examined, ranging from 3 to 47, was determined by committee guidelines, government resources, pilot studies, and national institute resources. Notably, carrier screening programs exhibited greater worldwide inconsistency compared to newborn screening programs. The comparative analysis of developed countries serves to guide emerging nations. To address inequalities at both local and global levels, there is a need to enhance the establishment, development, and implementation of carrier screening programs. Furthermore, cost analyses of screening should be conducted, and adequate funding should be allocated to countries. In conclusion, this review highlights the preventive potential of carrier screening for rare diseases and emphasizes the importance of improving carrier screening programs globally to achieve equitable healthcare outcomes.
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    The Evaluation of Vaccine Hesitancy and Refusal for Childhood Vaccines and the COVID-19 Vaccine in Individuals Aged Between 18 and 25 Years
    (2021) Durukan, Elif; Akdur, Recep; 0000-0002-9766-1117; 0000-0002-8579-5564; AAK-1044-2021; AAJ-8621-2021
    Objective: The aim of this study is to determine vaccine hesitancy and refusal for childhood vaccines and the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in individuals aged between 18 and 25 years and the affecting factors. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, an online questionnaire was implemented on 1.033 people aged between 18 and 25 years and living in Turkey between January 28, 2021, and February 19, 2021, by reaching them via e-mail and messaging applications. Results: Among the participants, 68.8% considered getting their children vaccinated, 11.4% were hesitant and 3.1% refused. Among the participants, 36.6% considered getting vaccinated against COVID-19, 34.8% hesitated and 28.6% refused. Hesitation/rejection of childhood vaccines increased with age and when negative information about childhood vaccines was obtained. The acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine was higher in men, in those who assumed that the COVID-19 virus was of a natural origin, in those who obtained information on the COVID-19 vaccine from the Ministry of Health, and in those who made search in scientific papers. Conclusion: The rates of hesitation and rejection in the COVID-19 vaccines are quite high compared to childhood vaccines. It shows that participants are influenced by speculative news. Therefore, it is recommended that this age group be given trainings based on scientific evidence regarding both childhood vaccines and the benefits of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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    Expanded New Born Bloodspot Screening: Developed Country Examples And Shat Can Be Done In Turkey
    (2022) Fidan, Caglar; Orun, Huseyin; Alper, Asli Begum; Unver, Cigdem Naz; Sahin, Omer Can; Ugurlu, Zeynep; Akdur, Recep; Taruscio, Domenica; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-0881; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1713-4342; 35702584; AAG-9736-2019; GPW-7632-2022
    Bloodspot screening in newborns is an exemplary public health intervention as it is essential secondary prevention with proven efficacy and benefit for the early diagnosis and prompt treatment of rare diseases. In this mini review, newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) programs of 12 countries were examined in terms of the extent of diseases/disorders screened to form recommendations for Turkey's expanded newborn screening program. Essentially, Turkey and 11 selected countries' official policies/ national programs or strategies in terms of newborn screening and the number of diseases/conditions screened were examined. The current status of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) screening was also checked through the SMA NBS Alliance. In addition, WHO and EURORDIS guidelines for newborn screening were also reviewed. On the Pubmed database, following the search strategy "((newborn screening[Title/Abstract]) OR (newborn screening program[Title/Abstract])) OR (newborn blood spot screening[Title/Abstract])" in the PubMed database from 1 January 2008 to 1 December 2021. Diseases that will be recommended to be included in the Turkish national newborn bloodspot screening program will be presented by evaluating the updated criteria of Wilson and Jungner by constructing international comparisons. The number of diseases/disordeis screened by the inspected 12 countries is eminently variable and ranges from 5 in Turkey to 51 in New York, United States of America (USA). Acknowledging the programs of other countries, it is evident that Turkey must advance its program by evaluating the epidemiological data in Turkey, the health workforce, and infrastructure while relying on the updated screening criteria. The newborn bloodspot screening program should be expanded based on the cost estimates and implemented starting with pilot applications and the diseases/disorders that are deemed appropriate should be included in the national program.
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    Investigating Vaccine Hesitancy and Refusal Among Parents of Children Under Five: A Community-based Study
    (2022) Soysal, Gonca; Akdur, Recep; 0000-0002-9766-1117; 0000-0003-4158-4594; AAK-1044-2021; GPK-5572-2022
    Introduction: Vaccine hesitancy and refusal threaten to reverse progress made in tackling vaccine-preventable diseases. This problem is not new, and gaining an increasing importance due to the increase in its incidence. The present study aims to determine the frequency of factors related to vaccine hesitancy and refusal among parents of children under five. Materials and Methods: A community-based study was conducted with 402 parents of children under five in a province of Turkey between October 2020 and February 2021. The number of samples to be included in the study was determined by proportional cluster sampling. Data were collected using the WHO SAGE "Vaccine Hesitancy Survey Questions" and "Vaccine Hesitancy Scale". Results: Of parents, 19.7% were hesitant about childhood vaccines. The rejection rate of recommended vaccines (special or free vaccines) was 18.2%. The rate of parents who refused the vaccines offered free of charge by the Ministry of Health was 0.9%. Vaccine hesitancy was higher among fathers, those with undergraduate and higher education, parents over 42 years of age, and those with a higher income economic status. Having heard or read negative information about vaccines increased the likelihood of vaccine hesitancy by 13.5 times. The parents' Vaccine Hesitancy Scale score was 1.68 +/- 0.53. Conclusion: According to the study results, vaccine hesitancy and refusal have a structure affected by many factors. The most important of these factors is the content of knowledge about vaccines.
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    Tokat il merkezindeki beş yaş altı çocukların ebeveynlerinde aşı tereddüdü reddi ve ilişkili faktörler
    (Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2021) Soysal, Gonca; Akdur, Recep
    Tanımlayıcı kesitsel nitelikte olan bu araştırma; Tokat il merkezinde yaşayan beş yaş altı çocukların ebeveynlerinde aşı tereddüt ve aşı reddinin sıklıkları ile bunlarla ilişkili faktörleri saptamak için yapılmıştır. Araştırma sahada beş yaş altı çocuğu olan ebeveynlerle DSÖ SAGE ‘‘Aşı Tereddüt Anket Formu’’ ve ‘‘Aşı Tereddüt Ölçeği’’ kullanılarak yapılmış ilk çalışmadır. Araştırma sahada beş yaş altı çocuğa sahip 402 ebeveynle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak; ebeveynlere ve çocuklara ilişkin tanımlayıcı sorular içeren anket formu ile DSÖ SAGE Aşı Tereddüdü Çalışma Grubu tarafından geliştirilen ‘‘Aşı Tereddüt Anket Formu’’ ve ‘‘Aşı Tereddüt Ölçeği’’ kullanılmıştır. Aşı Tereddüt Ölçeği’nin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik analizi için çalışma örneklemine ek olarak, beş yaşından küçük çocuğu olan 200 ebeveynle de görüşülmüştür. Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi sonucunda ölçek yedi maddeden oluşan tek faktörlü yapıya sahiptir ve Cronbach α=0,83’dür. Ebeveynlerin %19,7’si çocukluk çağı aşıları konusunda aşı tereddüdü yaşamaktadır. Önerilen aşılardan (özel veya ücretsiz aşılar) en az birinin ret oranı %18,2’dir. Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından ücretsiz sunulan aşıların tamamını ret edenlerin oranı ise %0,7’dir. Ebeveynlerden baba olmak, ileri ebeveyn yaşı, ekonomik durumun iyi olması, lisans ve üstü eğitime sahip olmak aşı tereddüdü ile istatistiki anlamlılık düzeyinde ilişkilidir. Aşı reddi ile ebeveyn öğrenim durumunun lisans ve üstünde olması arasında istatistiki anlamlılık düzeyinde ilişki vardır. Katılımcıların çocuklarında aşı sonrası yan etki gelişme durumundaki her birimlik artış aşı tereddüdü yaşama olasılığını 1,9 kat artırmaktadır. Aşıların çocukları ciddi hastalıklardan koruyacağına inanmayanlarda inananlara göre 4,6 kat daha fazla aşı tereddüdü görülmektedir. Aşılar hakkında olumsuz bilgi duymak veya okumak aşı tereddüdü yaşama olasılığını 13,5 kat artırmaktadır. Ebeveynlerin Aşı Tereddüt Ölçeği puan ortalaması 1,86±0,53’dür. Buna göre katılımcıların aşı tereddüt düzeyi düşüktür. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre aşı tereddüt ve reddi karmaşık birçok faktörden etkilenen yapıya sahiptir. Bu sebeple DSÖ SAGE Aşı Tereddüdü Çalışma Grubu tarafından geliştirilen ‘‘Aşı Tereddüt Anket Formu’’ ve ‘‘Aşı Tereddüt Ölçeği’’ kullanılarak bu araştırmada tespit edilen faktörler de göz önünde bulundurularak daha kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılmalıdır. Aşı tereddüt ve reddi ile mücadele için bilimsel veriler ışığında topluma uygun stratejiler belirlenmelidir. This research which is of descriptive cross-sectional research; It was determined the frequency of vaccine hesitation and vaccine rejection and related factors in parents of children under the age of five living in the city center of Tokat. The study is the first to be conducted parents with children under the age of five using the WHO SAGE "Vaccine Hesitation Questionnaire" and "Vaccine Hesitation Scale". The study was conducted with 402 parents with children under the age of five. As a data collection tool; the "Vaccine Hesitation Questionnaire" and "Vaccine Hesitation Scale" developed by who SAGE Vaccine Hesitation Working Group was used with the questionnaire form containing descriptive questions about parents and children. Additional of the study sample for validity and reliability analysis of the Vaccine Hesitation Scale also interviewed 200 parents with children under five. As a result of Validator Factor Analysis, the scale has a single-factor structure consisting of seven substances and is Cronbach α=0.83. 19.7% of parents have hesitations about childhood vaccines. The rejection rate for recommended vaccines (special or free vaccines) is 18.2%. The rate of those who refuse all the vaccines offered free of charge by the Ministry of Health is 0.7%. Being a father from parents, advanced parental age, good economic situation, having a bachelor's and above education are associated with vaccine hesitation at the level of statistical significance. There is a statistically significant relationship between vaccine refusal and parental education level of being undergraduate or higher. Each unit increase in the post-vaccine side effects in the children of the participants increases the probability of having hesitations about vaccination 1.9 times. Those who do not believe that vaccines will protect children from serious diseases are 4.6 times more likely to be vaccinated than those who believe. Hearing or reading negative information about vaccines increases the likelihood of vaccine hesitancy by 13.5 times. Parents' Vaccine Hesitation Scale score is 1.86±0.53. Accordingly, the vaccine hesitation level of the participants is low. According to the results of the research, vaccine hesitancy and rejection have a complex structure affected by many factors. For this reason, more comprehensive studies should be conducted by using the "Vaccine Hesitation Questionnaire" and "Vaccination Hesitation Scale" developed by the WHO SAGE Vaccine Hesitancy Working Group, taking into account the factors identified in this study. To overcome vaccine hesitation and rejection, appropriate strategies should be determined in the light of scientific data.